Skip to main content

AUDITING AND PROFITABILITY OF PUBLIC LIMITED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA




ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU!

TO GET THE FULL PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL:
08068231953, 08168759420

TO GET MORE PROJECT TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT:






AUDITING AND PROFITABILITY OF PUBLIC LIMITED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN NIGERIA


ABSTRACT
This study is directed at investigating the extent to which auditing affects profitability in public limited manufacturing companies in Nigeria, specifically brewery industry. Four research questions were put forward to guide the study. Data were collected from (60) accounting staff of Nigeria breweries plc, Guinness Nigeria plc, champion breweries, international breweries Jos international breweries plc and premier breweries plc. The data were collected, presented on tables and converted to interval data. Four hypotheses were tested using simple regression model. This model was adopted because of the nature of the topic is based on cause and effect relationship. An econometric software called E-view version 3.1 was used to compute the necessary test statistics. This software was preferred to SPSS because of the simplicity of presentation of results and ease of interpretation. T-test was employed at 5% level of significance to determine the extent of significance. Finding shows that there is a significant positive relationship between financial control, administrative control and return on equity, between financial control, administrative control and return on equity, net profit margin. It is recommended that organizations should maintain sound internal control system to ensure that investors are adequately rewarded for their investment, those in internal control department should be constantly train and retrain to catch up current realities in auditing circle, to sustain return on equity and net profit margin, activities such as finding market for the firm’s products should be carried out to boost the turnover of the firms, management circle to protect the shareholders interest, versa vie return on equity and net profit margin, preparation of financial statement should endeavour to imbibe the code of best practices on sound financial reporting ethicize


TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page                                                                         i
Declaration                                                                      ii
Certification                                                                     iii
Dedication                                                                       iv
Acknowledgement                                                            v
Abstract                                                                           vi
List of Tables                                                                   vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1   Overview of the Study                                              1
1.2   Statement of the Problem                                        4
1.3   Purpose of the Study                                                       7
1.4   Research Questions                                                 7
1.5   Research Hypotheses                                               8
1.6   Significance of the Study                                         9
1.7   Definition of Terms                                                  10
1.8   Limitation of the Study and Scope of the Study               11
1.9   Organization of the Study                                                12
CHAPTER TWO: RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1   Introduction                                                             14
2.2   History of Audit                                                        14
2.3 Early U.S. Auditing in the late 1800’s to early 1900’s        17
2.4   The computer would Shock the Auditing World               19
2.5   Internal Controls: The Roaring 1920’s
and the 1930’s                                                         24
2.6   Voluntary Code of practice on Disclosure of
auditing profitability                                                        29
2.7   Parties Responsibility for and affected by
Internal control                                                                44
 2.8  International Standards on Auditing                       53
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1   introduction                                                             66
3.2   Research Design                                                      66
3.3   Sample Procedure and sample size determination   67
3.4   Data collection method                                            68
3.4.1 Questionnaire Design                                             69
3.5   Operational measurers of variables                          69
3.5.1 Variables in the Study                                            69
3.5.2 Model specification                                                 70
3.6   validity and reliability of instruments                      72
3.7   Data analysis techniques                                                 72
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1   Introduction                                                             76
4.2   Data Presentation                                                    76
4.3   Data Analysis                                                           77
4.4   Test of Hypotheses                                                   81
4.4.1 Hypotheses One                                                      81
4.4.2 Hypotheses Two                                                      83
4.4.3 Hypotheses Three                                                   84
4.4.4 Hypotheses Four                                                     85
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1   Introduction                                                             88
5.2   Discussion of findings                                             88
5.3   Conclusion                                                              89
5.4   Recommendations                                                   90
Bibliography
Appendix A: Sample cover letter
Appendix B: Questionnaire
Appendix C: Conversion of data from ordinal scale to interval scale.


LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1: Questionnaire response rate                                   76
Table 4.2: Financial control and return on equity                    77
Table 4.3: Financial control and net profit margin                   78
Table 4.4: Administrative control and return on equity           79
Table 4.5: Administrative control and net profit margin          80
Table 4.6: A simple regression for forecasting the effect of
Financial control (FIC) and return on equity (ROE)                  82
Table 4.7: A simple regression for forecasting the effect of
financial control (FIC) and net profit margin (NPM)                 83
Table 4.8: A simple regression for forecasting the effect of
Administrative control (ATC) and return on equity (ROE)                85
Table 4.8: A simple regression for forecasting the effect of
administrative control (ATC) and net profit margin (NPM)               86


CHPATER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1   OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
Aguolu (2002) defined auditing as the independent examination of the financial statements of an organization with a view to express an opinion as to whether these statements give a true and fair view and comply with relevant statutes. Audits are evaluations of the financial capability of a company. Companies prepare financial statements of their activities, which represent their overall performance. These financial statements are evaluated by auditors, who assess them according to the industry’s generally accepted standards. They are examined for accuracy and fairness in their reporting. Companies are expected to pass their audits, as the results are very important to the company affiliates, such as shareholders and investors, because they provide an extra reassurance of their choice in investments when issues arise.


Internal controls are put in place to keep the company on course toward profitability goals and achievement of its mission, and to minimize surprises along the way. They enable management to deal with rapidly changing economic and competitive environments, shifting customer demands and priorities, and restructuring for future growth. Internal controls promote efficiency, reduce risk of asset loss, and help ensure the reliability of financial statements and compliance with laws and regulations.
Because internal control serves many important purposes, there are increasing calls for better internal control systems and reports cards on them. Internal control is looked upon more and more as a solution to a variety of potential problems.
In recent past, a significant number of studies on audit have accumulated, despite a background of intensive studies on this topic, something remain lacking: a comprehensive study of auditing and profitability of public limited manufacturing in Nigeria.
Auditing is a vital part of accounting. Traditionally, audits were mainly associated with gaining information about financial systems and the financial records of a company or a business. However, recent auditing has begun to include non-financial subject areas, such as safety, security, information systems performance, and environmental concerns.
Audits are performed to ascertain the validity and reliability of information; also to provide an assessment of a system’s internal control. The goal of an audit is to express an opinion on the person, organization or system (etc.) in question, under evaluation based on work done on a test basis.
Due to practical constrains, an audit seeks to provide only reasonable assurance that the statements are free from material error. Hence, statistical sampling is often adopted in audits. In the case of financial audits, a set of financial statements are said to be true and fair when they are free of material misstatements – a concept influenced by both quantitative (numerical) and qualitative factors.
An audit must adhere to generally accepted standards established by governing bodies. These standards assure third parties or external users that they can rely upon the auditors’ opinion on the fairness of financial statements or other subjects on which the auditors express an opinion.
Auditing becomes a problem when the generally accepted standards established by the governing bodies are not adhering to. The avoidance of the adherence of the auditing standard could lead to the perpetuation of fraud which could affect the probability of the firm.
1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Every organization exists to achieve a set of objectives. In pursuing these objectives, it has a lot of factors that are working in favor or against its mission. Its survival lies absolutely on how it responds to or uses these factors to its own advantage. In the present day competitive market, one of the greatest concerns of organizations is seeking means of survival.
In order for any organization to survive, it has to be able to use the available scare natural and human resources at its disposal optimally. An organization needs not only to be effective but also efficient so as to overcome the challenges ineffective audit pose on its operation. The impact of auditing on the life of organization in business cannot be neglected.
Severally, we hear of companies that have fraud issues, and some threatened the closure and sack of most officials involved, a typical example is the issue of the bank audit.
In most organizations fictitious profits are declared even when they are run on deficit. It is a clear issue that one of the prominent issues that lead to bank crisis in Nigeria, was when the central bank governor brought the issue of auditing the banks.
The poor management of the audit department in companies has led to loss of millions of naira if not billions by the companies; production reduced employee’s salary and welfare uncertain. These and similar problems are the like that audit neglect can create.
Within the organization, ineffective internal control system can also begin to constitute threat to the organization, where a person start and end a financial transaction. Hence there is need for constant monitoring and a proper division of labour.

 In some extreme situations, some companies have folded because they were unable to handle the problems associated with fraud. Some have spent millions of naira trying to trap their fraudsters. Indeed numerous are the problems associated with auditing.
All the above issues predispose us to the problems in the manufacturing industry which we will look into in this study. We are to investigate the relationship that exists between audit and organizational profitability in the manufacturing industry. In doing this, we will consider any possible implication audit variables: financial control and administrative control can have on an organization’s, net profit margin, return on equity.
In doing that the audit should not be under looked. Frank (2009:10) noted that previously, the functions of the audit committee were handled by the finance or executive committee or the null board. As more organizations have formed audit committees, these committees have come to handle a growth list of roles and responsibilities, which has a major impact on how organizations view governance and fiscal transparency.
1.3   PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of audit in the profitability of public limited companies.
This work is undertaken to realize the following objectives.
1.     To examine the extent effective financial control affects return on equity.
2.     To investigate how effective financial control affect net profit margin of a manufacturing industries
3.     To determine the extent effective administrative control affects return on equity of a manufacturing industry.
4.     To examine the extent effective administrative control affects profit margin net.
1.4   RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Based on the above state purpose for the study, the following research questions are considered fitting here:

i.      Does effective financial control affects a firm’s return on equity?
ii.     Does effective financial control affect the company’s net profit margin?
iii     Does effective administrative control system affects the company’s return on equity?
iv.    Does effective administrative control system affect the company’s net profit margin?
1.5   RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
In order to verify the information contained herein, we need to propound some hypotheses to enable us ascertain the extent to which our assumptions agree or disagree with facts available in our Nigeria organizations. For this study, four hypotheses were stated directionally as follows:
H01:  There is no significant relationship between financial control and return on equity.
H02:  There is no significant relationship between financial control and net profit margin.
H03:  There is no significant relationship between Administrative control and return on equity.
H04:  There is no significant relationship between administrative control and net profit margin.
1.6   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the research of this nature cannot be overemphasized. This is in view of the fact that the outcome of the study will be of immense benefit for decision makers in the organizations as well as the stakeholders.
The present day Worldwide economic recession has posed a serious challenge to every organization to seek for means on how best to utilize available human and scare material resources, to achieve its organizational goals. How to realize this has remained a problem that no one answers lays to rest. It calls for an integration of various useful approaches.
Auditing however, does appear to be one of these useful approaches. This necessitated the choice of the topic of this work. This work is aimed at improving our understanding of the effect of auditing on organizational efficiency within the manufacturing industry in Nigeria particular and in all organizations in general. Secondly, it will also aim at bringing to light the implication of auditing to the economic life of the stake holders and the need to take auditing serious in organization policies. Finally, it will also aim at creating the awareness of the great impact auditing has on the performance of a company.
1.7   DEFINITION OF TERMS
RETURN ON EQUITY: Is net profit after taxes divided by shareholders’ equity.
NET PROFIT MARGIN: Net profit margin is obtained when operating expenses, interest and taxes are subtracted from the gross profit.
FINANCIAL CONTROL: This involves management of a firm’s costs and expenses in relation to budget.
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL: Is plan of organization, methods and procedures adopted by management to ensure that its goals are met.
C.A.E: The Chief Audit Executive
 Auditing: Is a branch of financial management concerned with assessing the internal financial status of a business.
INTERNAL CONTROL: Can be described as any action taken by an organization to help enhance the likelihood that the objectives of the organization will be achieved.
QUALITY AUDIT:  Quality audits are performed to verify conformance to standards through review of objective evidence. A system of quality audits may verify the effectiveness of a quality management system.
INTERNAL AUDITING: Is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization’s operations.
1.8   LIMITATION OF THE STUDY AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY
In the execution of this research, different difficulties were faced. The first constraint was the uncooperative attitude of some respondents in supplying accurate response to questions they were asked. Again, the disappearance of some books and journals in the organizations denied this work of some materials which when referenced would have added more value to the findings. The scope of study of this research is quoted breweries in Nigeria.
1.9   ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This work is divided into three chapters, Chapter one centres on the introduction to the work and what is aimed at in the study. In it we look at the overview, statement of problem, purpose of the study, research questions, limitation of the study, significant of the study, definition of terms, and organization of study.
Chapter two dwells on literature review. Hence relevant literatures are used to give an understanding of what the topic of study is all about. The term; audit, profitability and other related issues are discussed.
Chapter three treats the research methodology. Here we looked at the research design, sampling procedure, questionnaire, data collection, method operational measures of variables and data analysis techniques. 







AFFILIATE LINKS:

www.nairaprojects.edu

   

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN NIGERIA; POLICIES STRATEGIES AND IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH.

                                                        ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU! TO GET THE FULL PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420 TO GET MORE PROJECT TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT: www.easyprojectmaterials.com www.easyprojectsolutions.com www.worldofnolimit.com INDUSTRIALIZATION IN NIGERIA; POLICIES STRATEGIES AND IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH. ABSTRACT Industrialization in Nigeria has been pursued since the post independent era through a government policy of import substation, export promotion, and many other complementing policies, aimed at accelerating the pace of the economic development. Despite these policies, industrialization is till at rudimentary state in the country. This is the principals factors that motivation this study. This study examines and evaluates the industrial environment in Nigeria, its problems and th

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

  ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS       ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!   NOTE: WE WILL SEND YOU THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE OF YOUR APPROVED TOPIC FOR FREE. CHOOSE FROM THE LIST OF TOPICS BELOW. SEND YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS AND THE APPROVED PROJECT TOPIC TO ANY OF THESE NUMBERS-08068231953, 08168759420   WE WILL THEN SEND THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE FOR FREE   NOTE ALSO: WE CAN ALSO DEVELOP THE FULL PROJECT WORK CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420       ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS     1.     STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE’S HALF OF A YELLOW SUN 2.     PIDGIN ENGLISH ON RADIO AS A MEANS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION TO ILLITERATE AUDIENCE 3.     A CRITICAL, RATIONAL AND REFLECTIVE ENQUIRY INTO THE CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT 4.     THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE

CURRICULUM STUDIES AND EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

  CURRICULUM STUDIES AND EDUCATIONAL PLANNING     ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT TOPICS BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!   NOTE: WE WILL SEND YOU THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE OF YOUR APPROVED TOPIC FOR FREE. CHOOSE FROM THE LIST OF TOPICS BELOW. SEND YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS AND THE APPROVED PROJECT TOPIC TO ANY OF THESE NUMBERS-08068231953, 08168759420   WE WILL THEN SEND THE ABSTRACT, TABLE OF CONTENT AND CHAPTER ONE FOR FREE   NOTE ALSO: WE CAN ALSO DEVELOP THE FULL PROJECT WORK CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420       CURRICULUM STUDIES AND EDUCATIONAL PLANNING     1.     THE IMPACT OF PLANNING ON TEACHING AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING AND LEARNING INTERGRATED SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA 2.     FUNCTIONAL ACCOUNTING EDUCATION CURRICULUM FOR SUSTAINABLE YOUTH EMPOWERMENT IN EDO STATE 3.     FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL RECORDS BY SECONDARY SCHOOL