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BASAL METABOLIC RATE OF ADULT MALES IN PORT
HARCOURT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - iv
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - v
Table
of Contents - - - - - - - - vi
List
of Tables and Figures - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE: Methodology
3.1 Materials
3.2 Distribution of Subjects
3.3 Selection of Subjects
3.4 Measurement of Weight
3.5 Measurement of Height
3.6 Age Determination
3.7 Body Surface Area Determination
CHAPTER FOUR: Results
4.1 Statistical Analysis
4.2 Relationship between Age and Basal Metabolism
4.3 Relationship between Mean Basal Caloric
Outputs per Hour to Surface Area.
4.4 Relationship between Age and Basal Energy
Requirement
4.5 Relationship between Basal Caloric Output and
Weight
4.6 Variation of Surface Area with Height and
Weight
CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion
CHAPTER SIX: Conclusion
APPENDIX
i.
Determination of B.M.R. of
Adult Males
ii.
Sample of Questionnaire
iii.
Nomogram Chart
iv.
Desirable Weights According to
Height and Body Frame.
Reference
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1: Statistical Representation of Result
Table 2: Variation of B.M.R. with Age
Table
3: Mean and Standard Deviation of
Basal Calories per Hour According to surface Area
Table
4: Basal Calories in Present Study
Calculated using Dubois Formula and Kleiber’s Formula
Table
5: Mean and Standard Deviation of
Basal Calories per Hour According to Weight Range
Table
6: Variation of Surface Area with
Height
Table
7: Variation of Surface Area with
Weight
Table
8: B.M.R. of Subjects in Present
Study Compared with the Mayo Foundation Standards.
Figure
1: Variation of Mean B.M.R. with Mean
Age
Figure
2: Mean Values of Calories per Hour
According to Surface Area
Figure
3: Variation of Basal Caloric need
with Mean Age
Figure
4: Mean Values of Calories per Hour
According to Weight Range
Figure
5: Variation of Surface Area with
Height
Figure
6: Variation of Surface Area with
Weight
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BASAL METABOLISM
The
term metabolism is used to refer to all the chemical and energy transformations
that occur in all cells of the body. It involves those processes which provide
the energy needed by an organism to exist in the environment and to accomplish
work or activity.
Basal metabolism is the minimum amount
of energy required by the body when completely at a relaxed state. It indicates
the amount of energy needed to sustain the life processes: respiration,
cellular metabolism, circulation, glandular activity and the maintenance of
body temperature.
Measurement of basal metabolism, or the
use of nutrients for energy, results in heat production. This heat is in turn
dissipated through the skin and is measurable in a respiratory calorimeter.
Since oxygen is required for oxidation of nutrients, oxygen consumption can be
related for the heat production in the following formula Food: + 02
→ energy + C02.
The energy generated is expressed as an
average of 4.825 Kcal or (20.19kj) per liter of oxygen consumed. This describes
a diet of approximately 45% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 40% fat. Major
shifts from this pattern will affect the respiratory quotient and the kilo calories
per liter of oxygen consumed. It is customary to express basal metabolism as a
relationship of heat production to body mass; that is, kilocalories per hour
per square meter (m2) of surface
area.
The importance of basal metabolism lies
in the fact that then the basal metabolic rate (B.M.R.) is measured in a wide
variety of different persons and comparisons are made within a single age,
weight and sex groups, 85% of the normal persons have been found to have basal
metabolic rates within 10% of the mean. Thus measurements of metabolic rates
performed under basal conditions offer an excellent means for comparing the
rates of metabolic from one person to another.
Basal metabolic studies have been used
to determine endocrine activities, because the secretions of the endocrine
glands are the principal regulators of the metabolic rate particularly those of
the thyroid gland. When the supply of thyroxin is inadequate, the basal
metabolic rate (B.M.R.) may fall 30 to 50% of the normal rate. If it is
hyper-secretory the BMR may increase top almost twice the normal amount. In
this regard an abnormal BMR has been used as a clinical indicator of thyroid
function, and mal-function because one of the useful methods for diagnosing
abnormal rate of thyroid secretion is to determine the BMR of the patient. A
normal person usually has a BMR within 10 to 15% of normal. While the
hyperthyroid person often has a BMR as high as 40 to 80% above normal and a
hypothyroid person has a BMR as low as 40 to 50% below normal.
Nutritionally, it is through basal
metabolic studies that the total energy requirement needed by an individual
daily, to sustain life and to maintain desired weight is known.
The purpose of this study thus, is to
determine the basal metabolic rate in a typical Nigerian population of adult
males. Furthermore, in view of the different climatic conditions and dietetic
habits, it is also necessary to determine whether the normal BMR standards
established in the Western Countries agree with the values got in this work and
to finally try to make possible deductions of how age, weight, height and
surface area affect the BMR of the subjects studied.
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