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THE ESTIMATION OF BASAL
METABOLIC RATE (B.M.R) OF ADULT FEMALES IN PORT HARCOURT
ABBREVIATIONS
S/N - Serial Number
A - Age
YRS - Years
W - Weight
KG - Kilograms
H - Height
CM - Centimeters
S.A - Surface Area
M2 - Square Meters
M - Metabolic Rate
S - Specific Stature
STAND. - Standard
S.D. - Standard Deviation
% Dev. - Percentage Deviation
B.M.R. - Basal Metabolic Rate
B.M.R./HR - Basal
Metabolic Rate Per Hour
B.M.R./M2/HR - Basal
Metabolic Rate Per Square Meter Per Hour
LISTS
OF TABLES AND GRAPHS
i.
Mean and Standard Deviation of the Age
Group, Weight, Surface Area, Basal Calorie, B.M.R. from Kleiber, Du Bois and
Mayo Foundation of each Age Group
ii.
Determination of % Difference Between
the Mean BMR from Kleiber and Mayo Foundation of each Age Group
iii.
Mean and Standard Deviation of Basal
Calories Per Hour According to Weight Range
iv.
BMR of Subjects in Present Study
Compared with Mayo Foundations Standard
v.
Table of Age, Weight, Height, Surface
Area, BMR, Standard and % Deviation of each of the $80 Subjects of Study
vi.
A Graphic of Height against Surface
Area
vii.
A Graph of Surface Area against Weight
viii.
A Graph of Basal Calorie against
Weight
ix.
A Graph Basal Calorie against Age
x.
A Graph of Basal Metabolic Rate against
Age
xi.
A Graph of Surface Area against Basal
Calorie
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Abstract v
Table of
Contents vi
List
of Tables and Graphs vii
Introduction
Literature
Review
Materials
and Methods
Results
Discussion
Source
of Error
Summary
Conclusion
Appendix
A
Appendix
B
Appendix
C
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Metabolism
comes from a Greek word “metaballein” meaning to change or alter. Broadly
speaking, metabolism may be defined as tissue change. It is the chemical
process of transforming complex body substance into simple ones, along with the
production of heat and energy. The rate of metabolism depends on the amount of
physical work which the body does and therefore, can be reduced if the subject
remains completely at rest. But even when all unnecessary movements are stopped
a certain amount of energy is used in maintaining life and prevents processes
from falling below the normal level. This cannot be further reduced without
damage to the tissues. This amount of metabolism is considered the basal level.
Basal
metabolism is thus the term used to describe the biochemical changes which
takes place while the individuals is lying down, still relaxed and warm. It
could be said to be the energy required to maintain: cellular activity,
respiration, circulation and other vegetative processes in the resting, fasting
body. The rate at which energy is used up while the body is in this condition
is defined as the basal metabolic rate (B.M.R.).
Basal
metabolic rate is therefore the rate at which the body uses energy for
maintaining minimal bodily functions, such as: body temperature, respiration,
and heart beat when at rest. This level of energy excludes: restlessness, fear,
muscular movements, previous exercise, influence of food, elevation of body
temperature, mental and physical initiation, as well as extremes of
environmental temperature.
The
total heat production or energy expenditure of the body is the sum of energy
required merely for maintaining life (basal) and that required carrying out all
undertaken physical activities and the effect of Specific Dynamic Action
(S.D.A) of food. Heat production comes about as a result of oxidation of food
at the tissue level; FOOD + 02 = ENERGY + C02.
Oxygen
consumption method is thus used to determine the rate of metabolism in the man
because it relates to the amount of energy that is produced (INDIRECT
CALORIMETRY). The heat produced is lost to the atmosphere from the exposed body
surfaces. Through direct calorimetry, the amount of loss is measured.
The
estimation of the basal metabolic rate is useful in a study of some diseases,
notably in disorders of the thyroid gland. The precise knowledge of the calorie
requirement for populations is of vital importance to a proper food
distribution planning policy of any state or country.
The
universally accepted value of basal metabolic rate for adult males is 40Kcal/m2/hr,
37K cal/m2/hr for adult females. The male and the young, shows
tendencies for higher basal metabolic rate values. Clinically, the basal
metabolic rate is expressed as a percentage above or below the accepted normal
standard for specific ages. A deviation of + 15% from fixed value is accepted
to be normal.
BASAL METABOLIC RATE MALES FEMALES
(B.M.R) IN KCAL/M2/HR 40.0 37.0
FOR ADULTS
The basal metabolic rate expressed as the calorie
needs is measured in Kcal/m2/hr. It is estimated using the food
normogram which was developed by W.M. Boothby and Sandiford.
In
Nigeria little work has been done in this area of study. The available
standards are for whites with blacks. There is great need therefore to
determine if the basal metabolic rate for adult females in port Harcourt
relates in any to that abroad where work has been done and if there are
differences between the various age groups
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