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ENTREPRENEURIAL
EDUCATION AND SELF RELIANCE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The
activities of entrepreneurial education in the empowerment of youths in Nigeria
have increased overtime. Gone are those days during the era of oil-boom back in
the 1970s when a graduate gets easily absorbed into any available job
vacancies. But all these changed in the mid-1980s, with worldwide depression
and significant depression in the Nigeria’s economy. This resulted in
unemployment around the world, most especially developing countries such as
Nigeria.
The outcome
of the high rate of unemployment was social vices like armed robbery and
kidnapping for ransom. More recent is the global economic meltdown that led to
youth and graduate unemployment to hit the roof. In this regards, various
governmental and non-governmental organizations have initiated policies through
support agencies such as National Directorate for Employment (NDE), the
National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP), Small Medium Enterprises
Development Agency (SMEDAN), National Office for Technology Acquisition and
Promotion (NOTAP), Raw Materials and Development Council (RMRDC) among others
to address the problems of unemployment among Nigerian citizens (Olayinka 2010,
Emmanuel 2012, Akluemonkhan, Raimi and Sofoluwe 2013).
The aim of
these programmes, agencies and councils was with the belief that the
development of self-employment and small enterprise initiatives would unlock
the economic potentials of the people increase the capacity to empower and
equip individuals in society to participate and benefit from their national
economy as well as facilitates economic development which forms the bases for
transformation (Ekpo and Edet 2011 in Babatunde and Babatunde 2014).
Admittedly, in line with the National Productively Day of 21st February, 1991
theme of “Productivity for Self-Reliance and Excellence”, the Nigeria
government introduced entrepreneurship education in schools as a pathway to
stimulate self-sufficiency, self-sustainability and self-support culture in
students.
The aim is
to ensure graduates take advantage of personal resourcefulness to be
self-employed. This is because entrepreneurship concerns the persistent pursuit
of opportunities to create wealth through innovative creation of a product or
service that meets customers’ needs, using score resources in a way that results
in a growth enterprise which satisfies the expectation of stakeholders whose
roles sustain the business. Entrepreneurship education provides knowledge,
skills attitude and motivation to students for entrepreneurial success in any
setting. It equips people with the ability to seek investment opportunities
(Azonuche and Umeri, 2012). The study in this regard wishes to examine
entrepreneurial education and self reliance among youth in akwa Ibom state.
1.2
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM
What really
instigated the study on entrepreneurial education and self reliance among youth
in Akwa Ibom state was as a result of high crime rate and unemployment in akwa
Ibom state. The rate of unemployment has significantly affected the
socio-economic well being of the youth in Nigeria (Okon, 2004). Most research
has been done on entrepreneurial education but just very few have been done on
entrepreneurial education and self-reliance in Nigeria.
Previous
studies have failed to identify the causes of poor self-reliance among youths
in Nigeria; the effect is seen mostly among graduates in Nigeria.
1.3 AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The main aim
of the research is to examine entrepreneurial education and self reliance among
youths in Akwa Ibom State. Other specific objectives of the study include:
1. to
examine the relationship between entrepreneurial education and self-reliance
2. to
determine the effect of entrepreneurial education on well being of youths in
Akwa Ibom State
3. to
determine the contribution of entrepreneurial education to skills acquisition
and reduction of unemployment among youths in Akwa Ibom State.
4. to
investigate on the factors affecting self-reliance and the actualization of
entrepreneurial education in Akwa Ibom State.
5. to
proffer solution to the above stated problem
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The study
came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated
objectives. The research questions for the study are stated below as follows:
1. What is the
relationship between entrepreneurial education and self-reliance?
2. What is
the effect of entrepreneurial education on well being of youths in Akwa Ibom
State?
3. What are
the contribution of entrepreneurial education to skills acquisition and reduction
of unemployment among youths in Akwa Ibom State?
4. What are
the factors affecting self-reliance and the actualization of entrepreneurial
education in Akwa Ibom State?
1.5
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0:
Entrepreneurial education does not influence self-reliance among youths in Akwa
Ibom State
H1:
Entrepreneurial education influences self-reliance among youths in Akwa Ibom
State
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The
significance of this study brings to the fore the crucial need for
entrepreneurial education and self reliance in Akwa Ibom State and Nigeria as a
whole, putting more consideration on the educational system, strategies and its
eventual social developmental effect in the society.
The study
highlights the problems of the level of education in the country and its
equivalence to level of poverty in the society by virtue of lack of employment
or knowledge of how to startup businesses; the resultant effect of which is a
society that breeds healthy partnership and motivation, impacting on the development
in the nation.
However, the
contribution of this research work to knowledge identifies what is important to
the youths and the economy of Nigeria, which is qualitative entrepreneurial
education focused on the needs of the youths especially during this period of
unemployment, rather than the resolution of the United Nations to increase
budgetary details, increasing the people that go through school. This is not
the study on entrepreneurial education and self reliance; however, it
contributes to the body of literature on the subject area and brings to light
the results in order to ascertain which strategy would eventually work for the
youths in akwa Ibom state in truly eradicating unemployment in Akwa Ibom State
and Nigeria.
1.7 SCOPE OF
STUDY
The study
examines the role of entrepreneurial education and self reliance among youths
in Akwa Ibom State, its significance in the stimulation of the entrepreneurship
skills in future graduates in order to reduce unemployment in Nigeria. The
study considered the undergraduates of the current university teaching system
(University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State), from third to the final year, assumably
those who gained admission into the university in the last three (3) years. The
study considers entrepreneurial skills of undergraduate to be relevant because
of its immediate impact on the future of Nigeria.
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