THE ROLE OF SELF HELP IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME: A CASE STUDY OF OBADAN VILLAGE UHUNMWODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE ROLE OF SELF HELP IN COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME: A CASE STUDY OF OBADAN VILLAGE UHUNMWODE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
The
aim of this investigation was to identify the roles of self help in community
development in Uhunmwode local government area. The objectives of the
investigation were:
1.
To
analyze the role orientation of self help
2.
To
compare the role of male and female community members
3.
To
compare the role of male and female community members.
4.
To
analyze the role of the communities in relation to the incentive they received
from government.
5.
To
show how much moral support local government offices do give to community
members.
The population of this study
consisted of the communities in Uhunmwode local government area. The study as
delimited to all the development committee in the various communities. Ten
active members were randomly selected from the communities to make up 00
respondents. The research instrument used for the investigation consisted of 15
items questionnaires focusing on the role orientation of communities. Results
were reported in percentage. The findings of this study revealed that community
members in Uhunmwode local government rated viable roles as moderately
important just as they did for the non viable inspite of the fact that it
encourages viable project that enhances the living standard of the people. The
investigator recommended that community administrators and planners as well as
the different development communities should always assess the role of there
community members as a means of helping them work on viable projects.
TABLE OF
CONTENT
Chapter One
Introduction
Background of the study
Scope of study
Limitations
Statement of problems
Purpose of study
Significance of study
Assumptions
Research questions
Definitions of terms
Chapter Two
Literature Review
Chapter Three
Methodology
Research design or research methodology
Population
Sampling instrument
Category I viable roles (VR)
And category 2 non viable roles (NCR)
Reliability of the instrument
Chapter Four =
Analysis of data
Discussion of results
Chapter Five
=
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusion
Recommendation
Suggestions for further research
References =
Questionnaires
=
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The
difference in development between rural and urban settings in Nigeria is brought
by government concentrating social amenities in the state capital and local
government council head quarters. (Uhunmwode local government_ “Ehor” there is
no doubt that individual in the rural areas as well need the social amenities
that are provided in big towns to enable them feel comfortable for better
habitation. The social amenities initiated and provided by communities includes
postal agencies, pipe borne water, electricity, maternity centres and
dispensaries to mention a few. According to Idahosa (1991) referred to these
social services provided by the communities as self help. It is a massive local
involvement which ha popularized the initiative of the rural persons to fear
for themselves in an effort to develop their communities.
There
are evidence in literature that the action taken to sustain self help through
out Edo State and Nigeria are not only in realization that self help is an
essential optimum development but also for the awareness that self help can
tremendously improve the living standard of every body in the rural setting and
this improves their status. As a result of the role of self help in National
development communities engages in self help activities are enjoying the
support of the various government at different levels. They assist individuals,
communities to develop to the extent that their human and materials resources
can allow white attracting from government on viable projects that they are
interested in during the official opening of Obadan. Modern Primary Health Care
centre Ohuan Ward Uhunmwode Local Government. Built by Elanire Danjuma.
The
community got this hospital through self help by conduct. However, the
political oracle of knowledge that was behind the self help struggle was the person
of Mr. Dickson Imasogie who has been of good and influential position for the
community, when he was the leader of Ohuan Ward under the PDP plat form.
Furthermore, the youths and elders of Obadan are ready to embark on more self
help so as to attract the general public and to call the interest of the
government to assist them. However, it is imperative to note that communities
aught to be given orientation of the benefit of self-help so as to enable most
rural areas sub-0urban areas develop properly, following this recent trend of
the three communities. In Iyekogba put head together and embarked on a massive
road self-help development which attract the interest of the government to come
to their aid and continued from where their community stopped. These
communities are Okoromi, Egbiri and Obazagbon all at Iyekogba on 20/01/09.
The
community pulled resources together to connect the road (various road) and they
also move a step or motion to get or sink a bore hole and electricity all the
leader of the three communities agreed so that the villages can further develop
and look more heritable and this also draw the attention of the government to
support such development. Honourable Nosa Ehima admonish the communities and
other communities until their villages became two remote, with bad road and
dilapidated buildings before embarking on self-help that has such will bring
bright and publicize their communities for better economic social and political
growth and development. The ability of any community to provide social
amenities in its area has become a measure of a community’s fame. Ultimately,
self-help is a major virtue supported by government. Every community wants to
compete and excel other communities with available resources so as to win respect
through accelerating pace of development.
The
Nigeria government and the various communities acknowledge the value of
self-help in the development of com unities. Thus the communities have been
called upon by various governments to engage in self-help in providing social
amenities in their areas to support the efforts of government as it is in many
states in the world. Communities work is essential concerned with affecting the
course of social change through the two process of analyzing social situations
and forming relationship with different grou0ps to bring about some desirable
change. It has three main aims the first is the democratic process of involving
people in thinking deciding planning and playing an active part in the
development and operating of services that affect their daily lives, the second
relates to the values for personal fulfillment of belonging to a community. The
third is concerned with the need in community planning to think of actual
people in relation to other people and the satisfaction of their needs as
person rather to faces attention upon a series of separate needs and problems.
Lovett Tom, Adult Education Community Development and the Working Class Ward
Lock Education work in Liverpool was motivated by similar objectives with the
emphasis on working class communities. Communities adult education brought to
support the activities of local people in their efforts to play a positive role
in issues affecting their daily lives. It was concerned to assist in the process
of personal fulfillment by emphasizing the opportunities afforded by education
to strengthen community bonds and at the same time to widen the choices
available to individual in such communities comparing the rural system and
planning confirmed that “the expectation of the federal and state government
that communities should provide available amenities in their areas as a means
of accelerating development is still a dream “thus Myerere Jr. declared “this
is not surprising because some communities are not endowed with sufficient
human and materials resources as others and the government with the federal
characters posture is not helping there that government rely on self help to
develop community./ the continuous reliance on self help has remained a primary
source of discomfort on the inability of less privileged communities to play
the same role. Thus, it seems logical to work at the roles of self help in
community development programmes in Obadan it is hoped that this could be a
source of information to improve the standard of living of the rural areas to
Obadan to meet the expectations of Uhunmwode local government area of Edo State
and Nigeria in general self-help project in Obadan Uhunmwode local government
area.
A
perusal of the records kept Obadan community office reveal the self help
project embarked upon by the communities.
|
Project embarked upon
|
Community embarking on the project
|
Estimate cost
|
Contribution by the local
community
|
Year started
|
work done
|
|
Town hall
|
Dickson Imasogie
|
350,000
|
42,000
|
2002
|
Obadan
|
|
Health centre
|
Danjuma Ehanire through Dickson
Imosogie
|
1.9000,00
|
100,000
|
2003
|
2004
|
|
Bore hole
|
|
150,000
|
150,000
|
1984
|
1984
|
|
Grading of roads
|
|
None
|
Physical strength with local tools
|
-
|
Every year
|
Source: Uhunmwode local government office Ehor.
Clement Igbinukpogie in an interview in 2008 highlighted the roles of the front
line workers to include initiating self-help project in communities where the
initiative is lacking besides where the initiative exists, they help
communities to plan organized and guide them to raise fund to start any project
through levy appeal to social groups voluntary agencies, indigenes to donate in
kind or cash launching of projects from government to help communities in Obadan
are the guides that enable them start off and conclude projects which they
started.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
research is designed to cover Obadan community which is located in Uhunmwode
local government area with its secretariat at Ehor. The study is concentrated
in Obadan and on role of self help in community development programme in
Obadan.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Communities in other part of Nigeria used self help efforts to effectively
develop their stages. Edo State has since recognized the value of self help and
has always called on its community to take leading role in self movement.
Unfortunately, these communities have not been able to meet these challenges.
Scholars such as Anka D. L. W. and Onokerhoraye A. C. (1985) have attributed
the inability of most rural communities to cope with these challenges to scare
human and materials resources at the disposal of most local communities. Some
others have said that the failure was caused by government leaving the rural communities
to feed for themselves. Some critics of self help programmes such as Oniboku A
and Rogge J. R. (1981) have argued that the inability of most communities to
evolve meaningful self help project have been due to the non availability of
sufficient forward looking individuals in the rural setting and administrative
problems.
This
study therefore seeks to investigate the role orientation of development
communities in self help programme in Uhunmwode local government area in view
of government determination to encourage and give support to the development of
communities through self help effort. Specifically, this study will answer the
following questions:
1.
What
are the roles of development committees in self-help programmes embarked upon
by communities in Obadan?
2.
The
role of the female differs significantly from that of the males?
3.
Do
the roles of self-helps differ significantly between rural and urban
development committees?
4.
Do
roles of development committees differ in relation to the incentives they
receive from government?
PURPOSE OF STUDY
1.
The
purpose of this study is to show whether there is differences in the roles of
self help among female and make community members.
2.
Whether
there are differences in the roles of self help among rural and urban dwellers.
3.
The
study is to reveal whether there are differences in the role of community
members as a result of the incentives they received from government.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
study will increase the existing literature in adult education as a discipline.
Beside it will give rural dwellers better understanding of the roles of self
help and this channel their effort to move viable projects.
The
findings will enable communities to intensify efforts towards ini6tating more
viable projects to improve their areas?
This
work will be useful to local government in monitoring the roles of self help in
development process.
This
work will be useful to policy makers and administrators in gaining greater
understanding of the roles of self help in communities.
ASSUMPTIONS
The
basic assumptions in this study is that role of self-help in community
development programmes is a strategy designed to increase the rate of
development in Uhunmwode local government area.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
Does
participant in self help project than male in community development
programmes”?
2.
Do
rural area participate more in self help than the urban centres?
3.
What
is the level of government financial support for self help project in Uhunmwode
local government council?
4.
What
is the level of local government council moral support for self help in
community development projects?
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Community: Persons in the same environment putting their
resources together to develop their area.
Community development: As something dealing with the
sequence through which communities (or their segments) go as they advance from
pre-industrial to industrial ones.
Development: derived from verb form “develop” according to
oxford advanced learners dictionary of current English, it means to grow
larger, fuller or more mature or organized.
Development means a new state has been reached as
consequences of developing.
Development programme: Project capable of improving the
living standard of communities.
Programme: List of project meant for implementations.
Roles; The part played by every community members in the
project embarked upon by committees through communal effor6ts to improve their
standards of living.
Social amenities: The basic necessities like pipe-borne
water, hospitals, maternity centres, electricity, postal agencies etc to make
an area developed
Viable project: Work embarked upon by communities which are
capable of attracting government assistance.
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