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THE IMPACT
OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA
Background
of the study
The term
Agricultureâ has been subjected to different definitions by various
experts. As a result Ighodo (1984: 20)
defined agriculture as the art and science of the cultivation of crops and
rearing of animals for man’s use. He
also emphasized that agriculture is also the production of fibres for
industries, processing of farm produce, packaging and marketing of farm
products. This definition is quite
embracing as it covers all activities that ensure man’s survival. However, the aspect of research and training
that is so vital in production was conspicuously missing in the definition.
In order to
fill this gap, Ogwuma (1985: 5-8) defines agriculture as production of field
crops, forestry, fishing and livestock, research and training of extension
workers.
Production
is only complete when it gets to the final consumers. It is in response to this economic doctrine
that Anyanwu (1987:102) defined agriculture as involving cultivation of land,
raising and rearing of animals for the purpose of providing food for man, feed
for animals and raw materials for industries.Â
It involves forestry, fishing, processing and marketing of these
agricultural products.
Komolafe
(1985), Adegoye (1985) and Adubi (2000) defined agriculture as the cultivation
of soil for crop production and of looking after animals to produce better meat
and other food products and also a process by which farm products are sold.
Simon Kuznet
(1973) defined economic growth as a long term rise in the capacity to supply
increasingly diverse economic goods to its population. It entails a sustainable rise in national
output which is a manifestation of economic growth.
To Anyanwu
(1997), the role of agriculture in transforming both the social and economic
framework of an economy cannot be over-emphasized. In effect, it has been the main source of
gainful employment from which the nation can feed its teeming population,
providing the nation’s industries with local raw materials and as a reliable
source of government revenue.
According to
Adegoye and Dittah (1985), agricultural output can increase the level of income
of farmers and the people. They said
what constitutes the level of agricultural output will vary with the stage of
economic development of a country.
For a purely
subsistence economy, agricultural development will occur but not like in a
fully developed economy. If there is
enough food for the people and a marketable surplus is produced, it will
increase the income of the peasants.Â
The increased income generated would so provide means for them to
purchase other necessities of life, which they cannot produce themselves. By this means, the standard of living of the
peasants will improve and unemployment, underdevelopment will be reduced.
They stated
that a fully developed economy, especially in agricultural sector, means
increase in the production of export crops with an improvement in the quantity
and grades of such export crops. For a
country that has started to industrialize, agricultural output will be said to have
acquired growth if agriculture can supply enough raw materials to the
agro-allied industries.
Reynolds
(1975: 215), revealed that agricultural development can promote the economic
development by increasing the supply of food available for domestic consumption
and releasing the labour needed for industrial employment. According to him, agricultural development
can promote economic development of underdeveloped countries in four distinct
ways:
i) By increasing the supply of food available
for domestic consumption and releasing labour needed for industrial employment.
ii) By
enlarging the size of the domestic market for the manufacturing sector.
iii) By
increasing the supply of domestic savings and
iv) By
providing foreign exchange earned by the agricultural exports.
Omawale and
Rodriguez (1975) opined that for most developing countries, agriculture has
been assigned an important role in national development. To them, agriculture has been seen as a means
of reducing dependence on certain importations, containing food price
increases, earning foreign exchange, absorbing many new entrants to the labour
market and increasing farm incomes at times of severe unemployment and rural
poverty.
According to
J. C. Anyanwu, A. Oyefusi, H. Oaikhenan and F. A. Dimowo (1997), the role of
agriculture in transforming both the social and economic framework of an
economy cannot be over-emphasized. It
is a source of food and raw materials for the industrial sector, it is also
essential for expansion of employment opportunity, for reduction of poverty and
improvement of income distribution, also for speeding up industrialization and
easing the pressure on Balance ofÂ
Payment. In effect, it has been the source of gainful employment from
which the nation can feed its teeming population, providing the nation’s
industries with local raw materials and as a reliable source of government
revenue.
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