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ASSESSMENT OF THE
SPATIAL DIFFUSSION OF POULTRY FARMS AND ITS IMPACT TO THE PEOPLE OF KUJE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Poultry generally is referred to all domestic birds raised by
man for the production of eggs, meat and other benefits for human consumption.
The domestic birds include fowl ducks, turkey, guinea fowl and geese., poultry
products have been found to have the highest protein concentrate of about 20.5%
relative to others success of protein (animals) and has the shortest production
cycle of all animals.
Production cycle involves all the activities in the rearing
of livestock from day old to maturity. For example, to achieve a ten-fold
increase in the body weight in relation to weight at bird, Williamson and Payne
(1978) outlined that it takes 25 days in broiler, 48 days in piglets, 250 days
in caves and 170 days in sheep.
The rearing of pigs, cattle’s and goats however requires
extensive kind more than poultry where more units of production can be achieved
from a given space compared to the farmer. These advantages are perhaps the
cause of a higher turnover in poultry production at reasonably short period of
time in this work more emphasis shall be made specifically to the domestic
fowl, which are the major birds for commercial and nutritional importance in
Ikpoba Okha Local Government of Edo State.
Poultry rearing have been in practice in Ikpoba Okha for a long time.
The traditional motive varies from hobby to the use of fowl and eggs as food.
Apart from the important roles that the fowl play in the traditional workshop
of duties in many parts of the states, some communities use it as gift to their
neighbours in appreciation of a good deed and as a mark of solidarity.
The traditional poultry keeping is generally subsistence in
outlook without the use of modern scientific methods. Hence the birds under
this system are poorly cared for and they are characterized by slow growth
rate, poor feed utilization and low productivity. The birds are also exposed to
high mortality rate as a result of diseases, pest and bad weather conditions.
However, inspite of the popularity of commercial poultry
keeping, the subsistence and the small-scale units are still prevalent all over
the place especially in the villages. Although the commercially oriented
poultry units are abundant all over the state with varying modern scientific
approach to production poultry output continues to be inadequate with prices
above the reach of the common man.
This paper will therefore focus attention on the problems and
prospect of poultry production in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area of Edo
state.
1.2 STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
In Nigeria, the business of poultry farming is concentrated
in the hands of few individual partly because of the complex problems such as
finance and climatic condition while others are problem of poultry processing
and storage facility.
In Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area, there had been
retrogression in poultry production due to illiteracy in the maintenance of
records. Hence maintenance of record helps the farmer to determine the process
of retrogressing nature of the farm. Besides, it helps in making future
project, planning and programming in poultry industry. Most farmers either as a
result of illiteracy, training or otherwise are unable to keep records. The
result is that most extension officers are unable to help them out of their
problems due to lack of information.
1.3 PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to investigate the problems
encountered by poultry farmers in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area and suggest
solutions to them.
1.4 STATEMENT
OF HYPOTHESIS
The ultimate goal of the government or individuals engaged in
poultry production today is to achieve a high standard of production with a
view of increasing animal products for the ever-increasing populace.
In an attempt to producer enough poultry products {meat and
eggs} several problems and constrains have been identified. Some of these
problems include finance, quality feeds, disease problems and poor housing
condition.
1.5 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
This research work will focus attention to cover Ikpoba Okha
Local Government Area of Edo state. The information obtained here will only
strictly apply to Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area but may be generalized to
other parts of the state with similar problems and prospects of rearing
poultry. Also efforts would be made to cover as much of the local government
area as possible.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is hoped that the recommendation based on the findings of
the study would be of tremendous benefit to the poultry producers, the
consumers of poultry products alike and the student’s researchers.
It is anticipated that inexperienced poultry farmers can from
this study identify as well as provide them with the basic information needed
to raise and manage poultry successfully. Top the consumers, an increase in
poultry products means meeting their eggs and poultry meat needs.
It is believed that the research findings would help students
who intend to research in a similar topic to have ideas on what the topic is
all about and also aid students in the area of further studies.
1.7 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
1. Poultry: This is the term used for all
domesticated birds such as chicks, ducks, turkey, guinea fowl etc.
2. Broiler:
These are chickens raised for meat production.
3. Layers:
layers refer to hens that are kept for egg production.
4. Battery
cage system: This is a system of poultry keeping where the birds are confined
in a specially designed house.
5. Deep
litter system: This is a system where the birds are kept in a permanent house.
6. Free-range
system: This is where birds are allowed to move freely on the range and feed
themselves.
7. Hatchery:
This is an aspect of poultry where day old chicks are produced mainly by
artificial incubation.
8.
Veterinary: A surgeon concerned with diseases of animals and domestic
animals.
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