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THE
EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF SECURITY AGENTS IN NIGERIA PORTS
Abstract
This study
is on efficiency and effectiveness of security agencies in Nigeria ports. The
total population for the study is 200 staff of Nigeria port Authority,
portharcourt, Rivers state. The researcher used questionnaires as the
instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was
adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made marine engineers,
firemen, seamen and signal officers were used for the study. The data collected
were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Nigeria is
indeed one of the greatest maritime nations of the world; this is confirmed by
both the local maritime operators and foreign maritime operators. Ports are supposed
to be security zones and policed as such to prevents crimes mainly theft,
smuggling among sabotage attacks, stowaway. In olden days, theft as merely
limited to petty pilferage and broaching of cartons by Dockers only tilling
their pockets that would neither attract attention nor cause appreciable loss
to the cargo consignee. The crime latter escalated to piracy onboard vessels at
anchorage. Crews were violently robbed and cargo stolen, with some measure of
success in checking piracy at anchorage, attention shifted to the ports proper.
There are many security agents both conventiona1l recognized law enforcement
agents and the fadeless ones purporting to be government officials seeing to
the general security of our ports These notwithstanding the ports are being
easily accessible to a multitude of hoodlums now popularly known as “what rats”
and syndicates of other malefactors actors who have made the ports their homes.
They vandalize the lighting system to enable them carry out their natural and
notorious activities. Any degree of crimes can now be perpetrated by these
hoodlums acting in cohorts with some of the security agents, and port official.
Crewmembers going ashore are sometimes violently attacked and robbed within and
outside the ports. Cargo theft has grown from breaking any types of package
within the ports to complete disappearance of container out of the ports.
Cargos are being successfully cleared from the port by spurious owners. Ships
are boarded by unauthorized persons who steal both cargoes and ship property
including those relate to safety. What a criminal act! Vehicular cargoes are
more vulnerable to plunder age because of the attention they attract. They are
loaded with some goods that are not made parks where they normally await clearing.
They are securely locked and then keys are handed to security officials for
safety. But most of these vehicles with or without undeclared goods are
mysteriously opened and their valuable parts are stolen Clearing of cargoes is
a process which the shippers, freight forwarded and consignees thinks is as
difficult as the head of the camel having to pass through the eye of1the needle
The customs long room is being made too “long” for clearing agents Problems
with all department involved in the clearing start from the usual indifferences
to work, the officials thinking that they are doing the agents favour The
agents must “co-operate” with the officials, otherwise their entries will
either be unnecessarily delayed further or completely lost in the labyrinth of
bureaucracy Having survived the voracity these official and the goods released
the clearing agent face the cast ordeal of having to “settle” all other
security agents and officials even with authentic release documents Some of the
security men still go outside the ports to intercept and tort the consignee for
“settlement” Coupled with factors like high port tariffs, port insecurity is
now causing Nigerian ports serious loss of clientele to neighbouring ports.
Lome and Cotonou for example, although in charter parties and ordinary
contracts of affreightment where carriage of goods by sea Act 1971 does not
apply to the operating bills of lading. Ship owners can exclude liability for
loss of or damage to cargo arising from piratical acts generally the Act (COGSA
“71”) does not provide such that Nigeria has joined the club of port
stigmatized as dangerous in insurance circle. Consequently, ship owners and
shippers pays higher premiums for ships and cargoes, a burden that is
ultimately passed to the public consumers.
If Nigeria
must grow both politically and economically, there are needs for an efficient
and effective security system for safety of cargoes id ship including the
crews. There should be both the activities of the appropriate authority and the
private sectors to ensure that security at the port be maintained.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Crewmembers
going ashore are sometimes violently attacked and robbed within and outside the
ports. Cargo theft has grown from breaking any types of package within the
ports to complete disappearance of container out of the ports. Cargos are being
successfully cleared from the port by spurious owners. Ships are boarded by
unauthorized persons who steal both cargoes and ship property including those
relate to safety. What a criminal act! Vehicular cargoes are more vulnerable to
plunder age because of the attention they attract. On this background the
researcher wants to investigate efficiency and effectiveness of security
agencies in Nigeria ports
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of this study includes:
1. To highlight the importance of security
agents in ports.
2. To evaluate the performances of security
agents in ports
3. To focus attention on factors influencing
the efficiency and effectiveness of security agents in Nigeria ports
1.4 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
For the
successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were
formulated by the researcher;
H0: there is no importance of security agents in
ports
H1: there is
an importance of security agents in ports
H02: there
are no factors influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of security agents
in Nigeria ports
H2: there
are factors influencing the efficiency and effectiveness of security agents in
Nigeria ports
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study
will give clear insight on efficiency and effectiveness of security agencies in
Nigeria. The study will be beneficial to students, Nigeria port authority and
the general public. The study will also serve as a reference to other
researchers that want to embark on this study.
1.6 SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of
the study covers efficiency and effectiveness of security agencies in Nigeria
ports. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the
study;
a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The
research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting
the study
b) TIME: The
time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the
researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the
study.
c)
Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it
difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the
activities
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
EFFICIENCY:
Efficiency is the ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money,
and time in doing something or in producing a desired result. In a more general
sense, it is the ability to do things well, successfully, and without waste
EFFECTIVENESS:
Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to
produce desired output. When something is deemed effective, it means it has an
intended or expected outcome, or produces a deep, vivid impression.
SECURITY
AGENCY: A security agency is a governmental organization which conducts
intelligence activities for the internal security of a nation
PORT: A port
is a maritime commercial facility which may comprise one or more wharves where
ships may dock to load and discharge passengers and cargo
1.8
ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This
research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
Chapter one
is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the
study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study,
research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the
study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two
highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the
review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and
methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data
collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and
recommendations made of the study.
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