LEARNER CENTERED EDUCATION PARADIGM AS A SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF CULTISM IN OUR TERTIARY INSTITUTION
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LEARNER
CENTERED EDUCATION PARADIGM AS A SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF CULTISM IN OUR
TERTIARY INSTITUTION
ABSTRACT
Cultism is
one of the causes of students’ restiveness in various campuses. This is as a
result of poor orientation, ideology and culture that youths get towards
education. Many young people see tertiary education as an avenue to assert their
individuality through wearing outlandish attire, giving money to lecturers for
grades, engaging illegal activities in order to seek protection and get wealth.
Pedagogical education has made many to toil in wasteful activities without
discovering their innate potentials. This study seek to address the problem of
cultism through learner centered Education.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
. Education
has been traditionally thought of as the preparation, learning, acquisition of
certain things because they will be useful. It is a preliminary to something
more important to happen later on. Childhood is only a preparation for adult
life, and adult life for another life. Also, the future, not the present has
been the significant thing in education. Education is thought of also as
something needed by some human being merely because of their interdependence on
others. We are borne ignorant, unversed, unskilled, immatured and consequently
in a state of social dependence. Instruction, training, and moral discipline
are processes by which the adult gradually raises the helpless to the point
where they can fend for themselves. The business of childhood is to grow into
independence of adulthood, through the guidance of those who have already
attained it.
As a father
watches his young son crawl on the floor, trying to walk, he is filled with a
desire to help him. The father flashily conceptualizes his transition from
childhood and adolescence – to manhood. He then sees that the son will soon
start living in society – the moment he start playing with age mates. His
father tries to pass on to him, as he grows up, some practical workable
philosophy of life. Those ideas he had believed, during his attempt to live a
full and useful life – so as to enable the child live better with the boy next
door, with the thousands in the city, with the millions in the country – and
lo! With the billions in the wider world. And we hope that almost every parents
will do the same. And we hope our children won’t hearing over and over again,
the key to the disciplined, principled and successful life we have lived – and
still live by it. According to Dr Nelson Gluech, speaking of his belief says:
“There is no sense in my attempting ever to flee circumstances and conditions
which cannot be avoided – but which I might bravely meet and frequently mend
and often turn to good account. I know that half the nettle is won is I can
face trouble with courage, disappointment with spirit, and triumph with
humility. It has become ever clearer to me that the danger is far from
disaster, that defeat may be the forerunner of final victory and that in the
last analysis all achievements are perilously fragile unless based on enduring
principle of moral conduct…I believe that my perplexities and difficulties can
be considerably resolved if not completely overcome, by my own attitudes and
actions …”.
Deep faith in God is necessary to keep me and
hold mankind uncowed and confident under the vagaries and ordeals of moral
experience, and particularly so in this period of revolutionary storm and
travail. If our values receive their sanction and strength from relationship to
divine law and acceptance of its ethical imperative then nothing can really
harm us. “The Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want”.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Secret
societies have been existing in Nigeria even before the coming of the colonial
masters or early colonialism. They were formed by a group of individuals with
the sole aim of seeking protection from their ancestors by conducting rituals,
initiations are conducted for people that want to belong to a particular sect
of masquerade. Once initiated, the secrets concerning the masquerade are
observed thoroughly by its members.
In the late
40s, the higher institutions in Nigeria were not associated with secret
societies. The first secret cult in Nigeria came into existence in 1952 when a
group of seven students led by Professor Wole Soyinka, Olumuyiwa Are, Ralph
Opara, D,. Aig-Imokhuede, Tunji Tubi and Olu Aguuloye founded the Seadogs
Confraternity (a.k.a Pyrate) in the University of Ibadan. The sole objective of
founding the cult was to fight colonialism, ensure the dignity of man and to
rid the Nigerian society of elitism and tribalism. Its members engaged in
humanitarian activities such as donation of blood to hospitals to save lives
and presentation of gifts to orphanages, to assist the helpless in the society.
“Everything we did then was healthy, firm harmless and above board” recalled
Muyiwa Awe, one of the founding fathers. Although they left school for
different locations they remained members of the organization.
Twenty years
later, the Pyrates Confraternity began to change significantly. Rancours, feud,
factions degenerated into divisions and splitting of factions. It began with
the breaking away of a faction of the group known as the Buccaneers
confraternity in the campus scene in the year 1972. The rebellion of the
Buccaneer was led by a group of thirty led by Dr. Bolaji Carew whose cult name
was “Rica Ricardo”. He is presently the Supreme Eye and Spiritual Head of the
Association. The logo of the Buccaneer reads “A dog has a Master and the Master
is a Lord.” This is an open challenge to the Pyrates confraternity. Other slogans
of the Buccaneer are “Blud for Blud”, Odas is Odas”, No price no pay. On the
10thanniversary in 1982, the Buccaneer confraternity became the Buccaneer
Association of Nigeria. The Buccaneers (a.k.a Sea Lords) was soon followed by
the Vikings confraternity. “There were general disenchantment with the
activities of the first two cults” a spokesman said, “Those who once claimed
they stood against oppression later resorted to it as a means of subduing their
fellow students who were civilians”.
So came the
three sailors whose aims and objectives were almost the same, whose major
difference have remained their ‘modus operandi’ and their choice of camouflage
and logo. While the Sea Dogs took red as their color, the Buccaneers and the
Vikings chose yellow and black respectively. Admission of new members into the
Sea Dogs was highly restricted at inception, the same became true of the
Buccaneers and the Vikings. As a result of this, students who for one reason or
the other wanted to “belong” started gathering and in most cases ended up with
a group of their own Needless saying that as the group continued to split their
objectives and aims also metamorphosized from engaging in humanitarian services
to cannibalistic tendencies. Since the 80s, the rate of splitting and
disintegration had been rapid such that presently, we have over one hundred
different cult groups with fanciful names, in our higher institutions. Some of
the cult groups that later developed after the monopolistic tendency of the
sailors include Black-axe, Eiye, Mafia, Maphite, Klansman Confraternity, Black
Beret, Black Cat, Black Cross, Jurist, Mgba Mgba, Thomas Sankara Boys, Black
Brassier, etc. But one thing that is common among them all is that they have
lost the vision and mission of the founding fathers and have all degenerated to
unnecessary rivalry and violence amongst themselves leading to unnecessary
carnage and hair-splitting bloodshed in our higher institutions.
So many
unsuspecting students have been lured into joining secrete cult societies
through deception. Such deception include; becoming one of the untouchables
once you are a member of a secret cult, owing the most beautiful girl on
campus, passing your exams without study, etc.
For those
who are lured through such lies there is no apology because it is only a highly
mischievous, untrained, and morally deficient students that would subscribe to
such lies. For, what manner of student are you, that membership of a secret
cult will enable you to short-circuit studies. The fact is that there is no
student without studies!
Lie is a
major characteristic of secret cult members. These lies are quite misleading
especially for those who have no idea about their activities. We owe it a duty
to lay before the youths the facts about cult activities.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is
very important because it will enlighten people on the consequences of joining
secret cults in school .every hand will be on the desk in the fight against
cultism. The following will be beneficiaries;
Parents will
check their children’s activities and friends.
Academic and
non-academic staff will go extra miles by adding value to their job in order to
prevent students from joining cult.
Academic
researchers, government and all those involved in curriculum planning will see
the need to embrace education that touches life or learner centred education in
order to keep the students mind into active reasoning.
1.4 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The study is
carried out in order to expose the consequences of cultism and the damage it
causes in our tertiary institutions.
1.5 RSEARCH QUESTIONS
Is cultism a
healthy practice among Nigerian youths?
To what
extent has pedagogy made dormant the minds of our youth?
To what
extent has conventional method of teaching caused youth restiveness in the
tertiary institutions?
What can be
done to help Nigerian youths become morally, caring and responsible citizens?
Is given
life and value oriented education, the rightful approach to youth empowerment
especially at the tertiary level of education?
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