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AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND
ITS IMPACT ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY
ABSTRACT
The purpose of
this work was meant to examine Agricultural development and its impact on the
Nigerian economy. The employed variables are Agricultural productivity and
gross domestic product. Our result show that R2 is 41 percent that is 41
percent changes in the employed variables account for the down fall of the
Agricultural sector. Our F test will show that our F calculator was much higher
than our F theoretical in the table at 5% alpha probably level. Thus the
researcher will reject the alternative hypothesis agricultural productivity has
not contributed much to the GDP. Based on the findings of the research, the
researcher will give some recommendations such as:
i.
Government
should allocate substantial amount if financial resources to the agricultural
sector.
ii.
Government
should make efforts to encourage the Nigerian farmers with finance and other
agricultural incentives and put in place corporate body to make sure that
farmer benefits of this because individuals more especially those in the
government will deprive them of it.
iii.
Policies
made on agriculture should be consistent.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title
Page - - - - - - - - - - - i
Certification - - - - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - iv
Abstract - - - - - - - - - - - v
Table
of Contents - - - - - - - - - vi
List
of Tables - - - - - - - - - - vii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODCUTION
1.1 The Background of the Study - - - - - - 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - - 3
1.3 Objective of the Study - - - - - - - 4
1.4 Significance of the Study - - - - - - - 5
1.5 Research Question/Hypothesis - - - - - - 5
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Literature Review - - - - - - - - 6
2.2 Past Efforts Improving Agriculture in Nigeria - - - 9
2.3 Agricultural Development Programme - - - - 9
2.4 The National Agricultural Policy - - - - - 10
2.5 Agriculture in Economic Development - - - - 13
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 16
3.2 Sample to Study - - - - - - - - 16
3.3 The Model - - - - - - - - - - 16
3.4 The Model Estimation Technique - - - - - 17
3.5 Type of Data Required and Sources - - - - - 17
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF DATA
4.1 Introduction - - - - - - - - - 18
4.2 Presentation of the Results on Ordinary Least
Square
Technique (OLS) - - - - - - - - 18
4.3 Interpretation of Results - - - - - - - 19
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Discussion of Findings - - - - - - - 21
5.2 Summary - - - - - - - - - - 21
5.3 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 23
5.4 Recommendation - - - - - - - - 24
Reference - - - - - - - - - - 27
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
The
contemporary Nigerian society has in the last two decades witnessed an upsurge
of socio-economic difficulties associated from neglect of the agricultural
sector of the economy. Though, the economy was predominantly depended on
agricultural products before such as cocoa, palm kernel, palm produce, groundnuts,
cashew nuts, before the political independent in 1960. The advent of discovery
of crude oil in large quality has shifted the focus of economy earning from
agriculture to oil sector, causing over dependence on crude oil production at
the detriment of other sectors.
Most
non-oil sectors in Nigerian economy suffer setback, even some that are
productive become less or non-productive because of focus diversion and lack of
proper financing especially in agricultural sector of the economy. Thus, the
fact is that over the years, the inflecting pains of neglect of non-oil or
agricultural products experienced in the Nigerian economy especially as it
affects the production of Agro-Allied, semi processed manufacturing products
which result to general fall in standard of living, affecting the volume of
non-oil production adversely.
As
a result of this ugly development, the Nigerian economy has since last two
decades experiencing various forms of economic deformities as shortages or
non-availabilities of primary products, also increasing the level of
unemployment. Thus, a situation which in several occasions has resulted to
social unrest in the Nigerian Economy.
It
is in the height of the above and other fundamental causes of the growing
decline in the contribution of the agricultural sector to economic development
that the federal government (and the state government) introduced a variety of
integrated policy measures towards strengthen the agricultural sector.
Some
of these measures include government direct participation in food production;
embodied in the reforms or changes directed towards re-examining the country’s
agricultural policies.
Government’s
mean instrument for direct production in agriculture is the National
Accelerated Food Production Programme (NAFPP), launched 1973. It was tailored
specifically to increase the production of the main food crops, rice maize
guinea corn, millet, wheat, cassava and yams large scale irrigation farms of
the eleven River Basin Development Authorities (RBDA) launched in 1973, also
with the mandate to harness the water resources of the country provide
infrastructure such as road and electricity and distribute various farm inputs.
Operation Feed the Nation (OFN) of 1976 aimed at food self-sufficiency. Also
was the green revolution, introduced in 1980 which attempted to combine the
above mentioned features of NAFPP and ADP. It is the early success of these
pilot ADP and others still under implementation at that period that have
gingered the federal government into adopting the world bank ADP concepts as
the core of its agricultural development efforts, and adopt the approach as a
nationwide programme. Agricultural development programme is a new state-wide
policy, which the federal government introduced to aid farmers in various ways
to increase their output and also develop rural areas. Thus ADP can be termed
as a progressive and systematic transformation of the traditional agricultural
system in order to increase the total output and productivity per farms,
minimize underemployment, improve the living conditions of farmers and the
rural population in general.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Agriculture
is the main occupation of Nigeria and so far a lot of development programmes
has taken place under the regime of Olusegun Obasanjo, such as National
Agricultural Policy (NAP), National Economic and Empowerment Development
Strategy (NEEDS) which is vigorously implemented in the various sub-sectors
within the limits if available resources. But productivity has stagnated,
slowing wider economic growth and exacerbating poverty with it. Agriculture can
be said to be developed when it contributes immensely to the growth and
development of a nation by;
i.
Supplying raw materials required by
the industrial sector
ii.
Contributing immensely to country’s
Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
iii.
Provide employment for the teeming
population
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The
objectives of this study are to:
i.
To increase in production and
processing of exportable commodities with a view to increasing their foreign
exchange earning capacity and further diversify the country’s export base and
sources of foreign exchange earnings.
ii.
Modernize agricultural production
processing, storage and distribution through the fusion of improved
technologies and management so that agriculture can be more responsive to the
demands of other sectors of the economy.
iii.
To create more agricultural and rural
employment opportunities to increase the income of farmers and rural dwellers
and productively absorb and increasing labour force in the nation.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
A
study of this type is to tell how important the agricultural sector is to the
development of the Nigerian economy. We know that Agricultural does not just
affect the lives of individuals, but as far as industrializing a country. With
the various development programmes taking place in the Agricultural sector in
the president’s reform programmes, it is imperative to know that for a country
to develop the basic need of its people must be met, it has to be able to
accommodate the teeming population with its produce then the surplus can be
used for exchange of technologies to develop the country.
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
Ho: Null hypothesis
There
is no significant difference between agricultural productivity and gross
domestic product
Hi: Alternative Hypothesis
There
is a significant difference between agricultural productivity and gross
domestic product.
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