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PERCEIVED
EFFECTIVENESS OF OBESITY AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE
STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of obesity has increased in an
alarming rate so much that it now occurs in children. Advancement of technology
has made a lot of people’s lifestyle to be sedentary. There are a lot of
programmes established to ensure people have a normal healthy body weight. This
study explores the perception of undergraduates about various weight and
obesity management strategies. The research was hypothesized that
undergraduates significantly perceived (1) diet (2) physical activity (3) use
of drugs (4) surgery as effective weight management strategies and that there
is a significant difference between male and female participants in their
perception of effectiveness on diet, physical activity and surgery as weight
management strategies. The descriptive research was adopted for the study. The
population of the study was undergraduates of the University of Lagos. The
sample involved in the study were (400) undergraduates of the Faculty of
Education. They were selected using the stratified random sampling technique.
Data was gathered through a questionnaire which was analyzed using spss at 0.05
level of significance. The results revealed that a significant difference
exists in their perception of drugs as an effective weight management strategy.
On the basis of these findings, it was recommended that respondents are unaware
of the dangers of surgery and drugs as weight management strategies. There is a
need to inform through enlightenment campaign.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Obesity is
increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world. Today it is estimated that
there are more than 300 million obese people world-wide. Obesity is defined as
a condition of excess body fat and is associated with a large number of
debilitating and life-threatening disorders. According to Wold Health
Organisation (2002), obesity is one of the largest health threats facing the
world. Most researchers, Latner and Stunkard (2000) agree that obesity is a
consequence of chronic energy imbalance.
The
prevalence of obesity is increasing in most parts of the world including
Nigeria, affecting men, women and children. Different methods of treating this
disease have been established in the various part of the world including
Nigeria. Some of these methods include pharmacotherapy, physical activity, diet
and surgery.
Body weight
is a significant determinant of health and disease both obesity and underweight
have been associated with disease. WHO (1995) affirmed that obesity has been
associated with several non-communicable diseases such as hypertension,
diabetes and lipid disorders as well as with increased morbidity and mortality
among adults. Bakari and Onyemelukwe (2005) viewed that underweight is
associated with infections such as tuberculosis. In Nigeria, there is a
disturbing trend towards increasing adiposity (Treblay & Wilms, 2002). In
developing countries, this has been attributed to the so called nutritional
transition. Flegal, and Carol (1998) found that in developing countries, a
double burden of obesity (suggesting over-nutrition) on the one hand, and
underweight (suggesting under-nutrition) on the other hand is not uncommon.
Public
health campaigns to increase exercise levels and to reduce caloric intake have
been initiated in many countries both at the local and national level (Tremblay
& Wilms, 2002). Care must be taken to ensure that in such endeavours to
reduce overweight and obese levels a realistic and healthy body weight is the
goal of such campaigns (Flegal & Carol, 1998). This is particularly
important in order to avoid an increase in weight anxiety and restrained eating
with an increase in the number of campaigns aimed at increasing exercise levels
and reducing excessive food intake.
Statement of
the Problem
The
researcher has observed that there is an increasingly large number of
overweight and obese students among undergraduate of the University of Lagos.
Obesity is a public health problem because of its prevalence, review of
literature also indicated that as a solution to this problem, a number of
obesity and weight management strategies are being implemented across the
world. Some of these weight management strategies have been found to be
ineffective and replete with adverse consequences that are sometimes fatal. It
is therefore important that individuals have accurate information about weight
management strategies and their consequences. This study is designed to find
out what undergraduates of Faculty of Education know about this strategies and
how they perceive them.
Research
Questions
The
following research questions will be answered in this study.
1. Will undergraduates significantly
perceive the use of diet as an effective weight management strategy?
2. Will undergraduates significantly
perceive the use of physical activity as an effective weight management
strategy?
3. Will undergraduates significantly
perceive pharmacotherapy (the use of drug) as an effective weight management
strategy?
4. Will undergraduates significantly
perceive the use of surgery as an effective weight management strategy?
5. Will the gender of participants
significantly influence their perception of the effectiveness of obesity and
weight management strategies?
Research
Hypotheses
The
following research hypotheses will be tested in this study
1. Undergraduates will not significantly
perceive diet as an effective weight management strategy.
2. Undergraduates will not significantly
perceive physical activity as an effective weight management strategy.
3. Undergraduates will not significantly
perceive pharmacotherapy as an effective weight management strategy.
4. Undergraduates will not significantly
perceive surgery as an effective weight management strategy.
5. Gender
will have no significant influence on perceived effectiveness of obesity and
weight management strategies.
Significance
of the Study
It is hoped
that curriculum planners and school administrators may be better equipped to
include knowledge about obesity and weight management strategy in the
curriculum to all students by considering such information when making
curricular, pedagogical or program decisions. The findings of this research may
serve as a basis for research work in the area of obesity and weight management
strategy thus provide data base for further research
Delimitation
This study
will be delimited to the following respect
1. Undergraduate of Faculty of Education,
University of Lagos.
2. Only 400 students served as participants
in the study
3. Four
weight management strategies namely
a. Pharmacotherapy
b. Nutrition
c. Physical activity
d. Surgery
4.
Inferential statistics of chi-square and t-Test
Limitation
of the Study
1.
Difficulty in getting even number of students in a particular level because
after receiving the questionnaire the researcher may find out that there were
carry over students in the class where questionnaires were distributed.
2. The
researcher faced the challenge of different students from different departments
taking a borrowed course which made it difficult to obtain information from
proportional number of participants from each level from the departments.
Operational
Definition Of Terms
Obesity: is
a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that
it may have an adverse effect on health.
Pharmacotherapy:
is the treatment of obesity through the administration of drugs.
Diet:
modifying a healthful food intake.
Physical
activity: is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that
require energy expenditure.
Surgery: the
branch of medicine that treats diseases, injuries, and deformities by manual or
operative method. e.g gastro bypass surgery.
Weight
management: involves various methods of keeping body weight at a healthy level.
Strategy:
practice necessary to keep one’s weight at a healthy level.
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