GENDER CONSIDERATIONS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHERN NIGERIA [A CASE STUDY OF OJU PRINTING PRESS, KADUNA)
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GENDER
CONSIDERATIONS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHERN
NIGERIA
[A
CASE STUDY OF OJU PRINTING PRESS, KADUNA)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to find out how
Gender Consideration and Entrepreneurship Development in Northern Nigeria bring
economic development through entrepreneurship in Northern
Nigeria. A case study of Oju Printing Press Limited. Gender
Consideration in any business decisions help in smooth running of business
organization as well as greater productivity. Entrepreneurship as the engine of
development play a vital role in the economic development of a nation.
Entrepreneurship development enhance the living standard of people. The
specific objective of this study is to evaluate some businesses that are more suitable
to men than women. To find out if that is the right approach to economic
development through entrepreneurship development in Northern Nigeria with
particular reference to Oju Printing Press limited Kaduna South Local Government Area.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Title page - - - - - - - - - - i
Declaration - - - - - - - - - ii
Approval Page - - - - - - - - - iii
Table of
Content - - - - - - - - iv
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study - - - - - - 1
1.2
Statement of the Problem - - - - - - 2
1.3
Objective of the Study - - - - - - - 2
1.4
Statement of Hypothesis - - - - - - 3
1.5
Significance of the Study - - - - - - 3
1.6
Scope of the Study - - - - - - - 4
1.7
Limitation of the Study - - - - - - 4
1.8
Historical Background of the Case
Study - - - 4
1.9
Definition
of Terms - - - - - - - 7
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship
Development
Defined - - - - - - - 10
2.2
Basic Prerequisites for Effective
Entrepreneurship - 12
2.3
Entrepreneurship Development Effort
in Nigeria - - 15
2.4
Entrepreneurship Development in Northern Nigeria - 20
2.5
Gender Considerations in
Entrepreneurship
Development - - - - - - - - 24
2.6
Socio-cultural Practices, militating
against the effective participation of Women in Entrepreneurship Development in
Northern Nigeria - - - - - - - 25
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Design - - - - - - - 28
3.2
Research Population - - - - - - - 28
3.3
Sampling size and Sampling Technique - - - 29
3.4
Methods of Gathering Data - - - - - - 29
3.5
Justification for the Method Used - - - - 30
3.6
Method of Data Analysis - - - - - - 30
3.7
Justification for the Instrument Used - - - - 30
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION
4.0 Introduction- - - - - - - - - 32
4.1
Distribution of the Responses- - - - - - 33
4.2
Test of Hypothesis - - - - - - - -
42
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary of Findings - - - - - - - 46
5.2
Conclusion - - - - - - - - - 47
5.3
Recommendations - - - - - - - 47
References - - - - - - - - - 49
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
Individuals
go into business for the sake of obtaining regular income, becoming self
employed and also help others. Although there are different kinds of business
enterprises that female and male can go into, often times, some businesses are
regarded as more suitable for one sex and not the other. This means that there
are some gender considerations in the choice of business one goes into and, by
extension, in entrepreneurship development.
Apparently,
gender attitudes and behaviours may have positive or negative effect on
entrepreneurship development in a society or economy.
This
research work therefore intends to take a critical look at gender
considerations as they affect entrepreneurship development with particular
reference to Northern Nigeria in general,
using Oju Printing Press Limited Kaduna, Kaduna South Local Government area as
a case study, and also to suggest the possible solutions to indentified
problems and give recommendations where necessary.
1.2
STATEMENT
OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
Entrepreneurship
has generally been recognized as a good medium or strategy for economic
development of an individual, a community and a nation. It is also a known fact
that some gender considerations are often used in the choice of business or
even the decision to go into business. For example, some businesses are
regarded as more suitable to men than women. The question here is, is this the
right approach to economic development through entrepreneurship? Of what effect
is this approach to entrepreneurship development?
These
and other questions are what this research work intends to find answers to,
and, if possible make recommendations where possible.
1.3
OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The
main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the gender and entrepreneurship
development in Northern Nigeria, also to study some of the gender
considerations in entrepreneurship development and its impact on economic
development effort in Nigeria particularly Northern Nigeria. The study
specifically hopes to suggest possible solutions to any gender related impediments
to entrepreneurship development.
1.4
STATEMENT
OF HYPOTHESIS
The
following hypothesis has been formulated to serve as a guide for the study.
H0: That gender considerations have no
significant effect on entrepreneurship development in Northern
Nigeria.
H1:
That gender considerations, have significant effect on entrepreneurship development
in Northern Nigeria.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
findings of this study will provide a guide for any me on the establishment of
a business in Nigeria.
This study will help me ensure a proper approach to gender considerations in
the decision and to any individual that want to establish a business
(entrepreneur) in order to achieve maximum profit and productivity.
1.6
SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The
research work will concentrate on gender considerations and entrepreneurship
development in Northern Nigeria. The scope is
limited to Oju Printing Press Nigeria Limited, Kaduna South, the management,
staff and other employees of the organization.
1.7
LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
In
the course of this study many problems were encountered. Collection of relevant
data was a problem because what the organization regard to their “secret”.
Other
limitations of the research include cost of visiting the organization to see
the people necessary to get the relevant information. Sometime the staff
concerned may not be on seat.
Time
was another limiting factor faced by the researcher. A researcher will have to
share the limited time.
1.8
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
Oju
Printing Press Limited is a small-scale organization which employed over Two
Hundred and Fifty (250) workers made of different categories like Managers, Supervisors,
Intermediate and Junior workers. Oju Printing Press is a sole proprietorship
business. It is owned by Chief Gabriel O. Oju, it was established on 20th
August, 1969 and was situated at VVI
Lagos/Keffi Street, Kaduna.
Oju
Printing Press was setup with the objective of providing the best quality
printing services to customers at affordable prices and at the appropriate
time. At the early life of the press, it started with letterpress and binding
machine. Namely: letter press Heidelberg
and cutting machines.
In
the course of expression, the press relocated to Nc3 Oshogbo road, Kaduna in 1979. The press
increased its machines by purchasing Rita prints, Plate Maker, Camera and Kond.
During this period of the press ahs increased its area of specialization from
letter press to offset printing.
In
1986, they moved to J11 Main
Street, Badarawa
Road, Kaduna in
June 1993 and finally moved to VV15
Nassarawa Road, Kaduna
in June 1998 as its permanent site up till date. Between 1993 till date it has
acquired additional machines such as Multilith 1850, stitching machine,
computers and ruling machine.
This
organization is engaged in the publishing of companies annual reports,
textbooks, invoice, receipts, calendars, invitation cards, business cards etc.
Oju Printing Press is an organization worthy to be emulated, judging by its
achievement.
Within
the period of its existence, the organization has rendered a lot of services to
prominent companies of government parastatals within the country among are:
NITEL Headquarters – Lagos,
National Electric Power Authority Kaduna, Kaduna State Water Board, Ahmadu
Bello University Teaching Hospital Kaduna, Bayero University Kano etc.
Below
is a sample of what Oju printing press organizational chart should look like.
Oju
Printing Press Organizational Chart
Source:
Oju Printing
Press, 2012.
1.9
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
i)
Gender: Refers
to female or male
ii)
Consideration:
Consideration means involvement, regarding and concluding
iii)
Development:
Development means to improvement, gradual improvement in future.
iv)
Entrepreneur:
A person who engage in business and take the risk involve in that business.
v)
Enterprise:
Enterprise is a
name of firm.
vi)
Advertising:
It is the aspect of promotion, which try to convince people about the virtues
of a production by using mass media.
vii)
Publicity:
Is the activities of securing editorial space as divorce from paid staff from
all media read, viewed by company for the specific purpose of assisting in the
meeting of sale.
viii)
Public Relation:
This is the process of fostering goal with outsider, so that people will desire
to do business with your company.
ix)
Personal Selling:
Process of information and persuading in order to buy their production and
services from which benefit are derived.
x)
Sale
Promotion: It is a techniques which company
adopted to capture target customers by attaching small gifts to their product
so as to generate sales.
xi)
Merchandising:
Is a special or ad-hoc promotion, it might involve a special arrangement of the
shop at a particular season or the use of contests such as the one for may come
up at a particular period of the year.
xii)
Store Demonstration:
It is where a group of customers or users may be called into the shop or
demonstrate a new product.
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