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THE
INFLUENCE OF AREA BOYS ON THE BEHAVIOURAL DISORDER AMONG ADOLESCENTS
ABSTRACT
This study
explored the influence of area boys on behavioural disorder among adolescents
of Shomolu Local Government Area of Lagos State. Descriptive research survey
design was employed for the assessment of the opinions of the selected
respondents, with the adoption of questionnaire. Three hundred representatives
were selected in this study, to represent the entire population of the study.
Three null hypotheses were formulated and tested with the application of the
independent t-test statistical tool at 0.05 level of significance. The result
showed that:
(1) A significant difference exists between the
activities of the area boys and the level of adolescents’ study habits.
(2) A significant difference exists between
area boys’ activities and their desires to watch pornographic film.
(3) There is a significant difference between
the activities of the area boys and the degree of their moral values in the
community.
All the
hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Based on the results
obtained in this study, it is recommended that Government should look into the
activities of the area boys and girls in Nigeria, particularly, in Shomolu
Local Government Area. It is important to note that most of the area boys are
graduates, and some of them are professionals. Therefore, both the states and
federal governments should ensure that these men and women are carefully
catered for, by way of employing them and keeping them busy, because an idle
hand or mind, they say, is the devil’s workshop. So, they should be
rehabilitated for them to change and turn a new leaf.
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to the Study
Lagos city
is a meeting point of different ethnic groups from various parts of the country
as well as people from other parts of the world. This city as in most cities of
developing countries, has the existence of a wide divide between the ‘haves’
and the ‘have-nots’ which gave birth to a situation of apparent existence of
affluence and poverty. The city also prides itself with the abundance of
different sub-cultural groups in the state. One of such sub-cultural groups is
the phenomenon of ‘Area Boys’ sub-cultural group, whose activities to some
extent constitutes social problems to all and sundry in the state. Lagos today,
is one of such urban centres where this culture is predominant and, it seems to
be assuming a dangerous proportion.
In the past,
especially during the 1960s, one would agree that it is a matter of pride to be
called a Lagos boy, ‘Omo Eko’. It can be said, also, that it is a matter of
pride to be known as a boy from a particular area of the city such as Isale
Eko, Campus Square, Idumagba, Olowogbowo, Isale Ofin and Lafiaji. Hence it was
common then to see people being identified with their areas of residence. This
type of identification gave momentum to a sense of belongingness, which encouraged
competition in all walks of life, particularly imports and commercial
activities. However, all these may not
suggest that every boy or girl in Lagos then was well behaved or good mannered.
There were pockets of juvenile delinquents regarded as “the do nothing” who
were involved in petty theft and other various juvenile crimes.
The youths
who indulge in petty theft and other various delinquent behaviour were known as
‘Jaguda’. Hence, whosoever was classified as ‘do nothing’ or involve in
stealing was called ‘Jaguda-Eko’. This made Sonowo (2003) to note that in Lagos
today, this era of pride and respectability is gone and has been replaced with
that of fear, chaos, violence and anarchy caused by another generation of Lagos
boys”.
From the
sayings of Sonowo (2003) above, one can say that the emergence of “Area Boys”
started with the reality of ‘Jaguda’ – Eko notion in Lagos Island.
The word
“Area Boys” connotes a youth characterized by social unrest. The term has
generated lots of concern by the adults society and every responsible citizen.
A careful
search into the dictionary to find the closet words that can best describe
“Area Boys” is the word ‘miscreant’ meaning a person who has done something
wrong or illegal.
The United
Nations report best explains ‘Area Boys’. A growing menace on the Streets of
Lagos. A group of armed Street Children on the rampage on the streets of Lagos
harassing motorists and pedestrians and extorting money from them (UN 14 July,
2005).
‘Area Boys’
are people who are likely to indulge in negative issues like:
- Crime as a way of life and means of
livelihood.
- taking of drug and peddling it.
- Homosexuality (male)
- Prostituing (female)
- Thuggery
- Assassination etc.
A critical
analysis of the social character of adolescents and youths may support the view
that it was greatly affected by alienation from the wider society as a result
of which they were more prone to expression of violence in the face of economic
hardship. The fact that the adolescent and youths generally were severely affected by failure
of the educational system, unemployment, a weak relationship with family and
community life occasioned by breakdown of the traditional family structure and
the collapse of the traditional mechanisms for social mobility and social
conflicts resolutions to some extent, made them to be mostly isolated from the
society which they were familiar with, yet, could hardly be part of it. These
perceived problems, which are common in urban centres in Nigeria have to some
reasonable extent, created a situation where children are found on the streets
without adequate parental supervision and subjected to its various temptations,
that form the veritable workshop for criminal apprenticeship.
The
adolescent children between the ages of twelve and eighteen represents the
future of any society. They need a lot of investing in, moral wise,
educationally and all the positives concerning man moulding qualities. It is a
very vulnerable age. Vulnerable in the sense that it is susceptible. The
adolescent is in the age of adventure. He is ready to explore anything he sees
from the immediate environment.
One of the
pet names for ‘Area Boys’ is ‘Alaye’. A kid with the title ‘Alaye’
automatically gain the respect of his colleagues, soon that ‘Alaye’ kid will go
beyond the adoption of the notorious pet name to begin, the very acts of
‘Alaye’ in his immediate environment.
On
environmental sanitation days, he leads others to block the street road with planks
and benches borrowed from the ever present stalls and shops around and begin to
beg for money. it starts like that, later, they will become hostile to the
motorists that refuse to comply.
Again, the
“Area Boys” syndrome is like a breast cancer in the immediate environment. It
is eating up every jobless youth and every child is a likely candidate,
especially, the homeless child.
Adolescence
is a period of storm and stress, of transition between childhood and adulthood,
of confusion and conflict both for himself, his parents, his peers and the
society in general. As a result of many physical, social and economic changes
taking place in the adolescent’s environment, he is bound to have conflicting
ideas, values, and beliefs about himself.
Akinboye (1984)
noted that the physiological and psychological changes are often either
intimately or remotely related to many of the situations which create
behavioural problem in the adolescent such as peer group influences, delinquent
behaviour, sexual, moral and ethical concerns.
From the
views of Akinboye (1984) above, it can be said that an adolescent can resist or
accept the negative situation seen around his environment. one of such
situation is the violent and intimidating traits of ‘Area Boys’. Adolescents often
revolt against all imposed truth and authority of the adult because to them
life is idealistic. Their revolts hinge on the development of morals and
values. It is believed, to some extent, that the development of moral values
during adolescence is closely related to the adolescent’s environmental
experience in which the ‘Area-Boys’ have domineering influence. Based on the
fore goings in this background to the study, it is reasoned that the phenomenon
of ‘Area Boys’ have attained alarming proportion. These gangs of youths
constitutes urban nuisance and criminal menace. They have been of increasing
public concern and posed the worst challenge to the rule of law in Lagos
thereby making the city to acquire the notoriety of the country’s epicenter of
social unrest. Thus, it is in line with this perceived reality that this study
tries to investigate the influence of “Area – Boys” activities on the behaviour
of adolescents in the society.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The reality
of “Area Boys” in the country comes with its attendant shortcomings.
Adolescents in the society have come to accept the norms and values held by the
“Area-Boys”, sadly, these adolescents are ones that will later become the
future leaders. This negative behaviour exhibited by the adolescents is carried
on to the adulthood. Thus, the occurrence of physical assaults by the leaders
of virtually all the legislative arms of government in the country, other
misdeamenour are displayed by the leaders of the country and this has earned
the nation a negative image at home and abroad.
The “Area
Boys” concept is gradually assuming a national prominence and this calls for a
thorough study to understand the circumstance that necessitates its emergence
and acceptance by the writer populace, especially, the adolescents in the
society.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The
objectives of this study were to:
(1) Investigate the influence of
“Area-Boys” on the level of study habit exhibited by the adolescents.
(2) find out the influence of “Area-Boys”
on the degree of their moral values displayed in the community.
(3) Examine the influence of “Area-Boys” on
the level of their desire to watch pornographic films.
1.4 Research Questions
The questions
that were asked and which answers are sought for, in this study are:
(1) Will there be any significant influence
of the “Area-Boys” on the level of study habit exhibited by the adolescent?
(2) Can there be any significant influence
of the activities of the “Area-Boys” on the degree of their moral values?
(3) Will there be any significant influence
of the activities of the “Area-Boys” on their desire for pornographic films?
1.5 Hypotheses
The
hypotheses so generated in this study were:
(1) There will be no significant difference
between the activities of the area boys and the level of study habit exhibited
by the adolescents in school.
(2) There will be no significant difference
between the activities of the area boys and the adolescents degree of moral
values.
(3) There will be no significant difference
between the activities of the area boys and the level of their desires for
pornographic films.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The findings
of this study will be of great benefits to:
(1) The Federal and State Ministry of
Information and Communication. It will afford the Ministry, the opportunity of
understanding the need to re-absorb the “Area-Boys” into the main stream
society, so as to reduce the effect of the “Area-Boys” on the citizens,
especially the adolescent youths who are the strength of the society.
(2) The Federal and State Ministry of Youth
and Sport will see this study a veritable instrument in solving the problem of
area boys in Lagos State.
(3) Private and Corporate Organisations
interested in having more insight into how to provide social responsibility
initiatives will find this work resourceful.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This study
looked into the activities of the “Area-Boys” in Shomolu Local Government Area,
Lagos State and its influence on the behaviour of the adolescent.
1.8 Definition of Terms
“Area-Boys”
Group of young criminals who terrorize their neighbourhood and engages in
violent criminal activities within Lagos Metropolis.
“Alaye”
Owner of the world and one in charge of Lagos environs.
“Influence”
The effect that somebody or something has on the way a person thinks or
behaves.
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