EXTENT USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF INTEGRATED SCIENCE AND COMPUTER SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
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EXTENT USE
OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF INTEGRATED SCIENCE AND
COMPUTER SCIENCE IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
This study
was on “Extent use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of
integrated science and computer science in junior secondary school, A case
study of Enugu North L. G. A in Enugu State. Four research questions were
answered and the population of this study is fourteen (14) schools in Enugu
North L. G.A and nine (9) school were selected.
Data were
presented in table and were analyzed using the mean. The sampling technique
used for this study is random sampling and total sample size is fourteen (14).
It was found out by the researchers that the significance of this study serves
several parties and this includes: the teachers, the society, the students, the
curriculum planners etc.
It was
concluded among others that there are no adequate instructional materials in
teaching and learning of integrated science and computer science. The
researchers recommended among others, that local government and state
government should encourage teachers and provide sufficient instructional
materials for junior secondary school in Enugu North.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Instructional
materials are variety of materials in various formats which influence student’s
learning and instructors teaching which have evolved in recent years to include
computer and VCR play /recorder technology, text books, pictures,
transparencies, films, computer software, CDROMS, and electronic resources.
Varrella
(2001) stated that several available instructional materials will serve their
purposes if effectively accessed and effectively used. Instructional materials
enhance effective and appropriate developmental experience quality of
instruction, instructional methods and techniques.
There has
been rapid expansion of Nigerian secondary education system in a bid to equip a
good number of people with basic knowledge and skills, which will facilitate
their interactions with members of the wider society. Awoyimi in Ugama (2000)
attributes this rapid expansion to a number of factors which include. Politics,
expansion of primary/secondary schools, government report on the need to
increase the number of secondary schools, revision of the curriculum and the
provision of science & technical education.
Before
Nigerian independence, in 1960 and ten years after, there was what Government
and the voluntary agencies could regard as joint management of secondary
schools. After the civil war, however, the East Central State Government in
1970 passed the public education edict, which took over the control of
secondary schools, in the state. Other states in the federation quickly
followed suits. This culminated in what could be described as the dawn in rapid
expansion in secondary education as many communities and wealthy individuals
established secondary schools, which they handled over to various instructors,
governments to manage.
However,
education is a valuable tool for human development and improvement is seen by
Durkheinn in Ugama (2000). It is a means of organizing the individual self and
the social self, into a discipline, stable and meaningful being. Bebell etal
(2004) states that education is the sum total of culture that a society
deliberately gives its younger generation in order to qualify them and raise
the level of improvement it has attained.
Educationists
in the country have not relented in their effort to make sure that educational
system and standards are maintained or reformed. This is done through the
ministry of education or other government bodies. The introduction of 6 – 3- 3
– 4 system of education in Nigeria which was amended by 9 – 3 - 4 system as
also stipulated in the National Policy on education (2004). These policies were
aimed at enhancing qualitative education to the citizenry.
Consequently,
education helps in the transmission of values, norms, and knowledge. From
generation to generation. It takes individuals to be rational thinkers and also
enhances their ability to critically evaluate issues. Through education, those
in darkness always see the light of the day.
Because of
the immense important of education, there is need for proper monitoring/supervision
of educational activities in order to achieve the proper goals of education.
The extent explained, is concerned with helping, directing, advising and
guiding the subordinate in order to maximize his productivity. However,
according to Nwaogu in Ugama (2000) he sees supervision as the process of
bringing about improvement in instruction by working with the instructional
materials to enable the teacher and the students to improve.
He
maintained that it is a process of stimulating growth and means of helping
teachers to help themselves. Viles in Ugama (2000) on his own part define
instructional materials as the release of human potentials that make available
a more competent teacher to conduct the human interaction that education. For
effective education to be ensured, there could be taken to mean all efforts of
designated school officials direct towards providing good leadership to
teachers and other educational workers or educationalist in the improvement of
instructural materials. Instructural materials involves stimulation of
professional growth development of students and teachers, the selection and
revision of educational objectives the instructional materials and methods of
teaching and learning. However in recent times, as a result of some economic set
backs and non-commitment by some teachers use of lecture method are mostly
vogue which goes to negate the expected result.
Need for the
use of instructional materials in the teaching and learning process
Instructional
materials are the necessary materials that will aid and facilitate learning.
These materials include charts, models, specimens, graphics, chemicals,
monitor, keyboard, mouse, central processing unit. These can motivate students
and serve as effective ways to explain and illustrate subject content. The
instructional materials are needed in schools in order to improve teachers
effectiveness ensure that teachers are performing their duties as expected. It
is also targeted at the improvement of incompetent teachers and provision of
guide for staff development. It aid in the determination of effectiveness of
the teachers classroom management and determination of special abilities
possessed by teachers.
Instructional
materials are selected based on the principles of provision of accurate, well-written
materials that will enrich and support the adopted curriculum, taking into
consideration varied interests, abilities and maturity levels of the students
served, provision of materials that will stimulate growth in factual and
ethical standards. Provide a background of information that will enable
students to make intelligent judgments in their daily lives.
In junior
secondary schools, one observed uprightly abandonment of classroom by teachers
for the market places or other business. This has given rise to the emergence
of teacher-turned business people who hawk wares ranging from food items
through shoes and bags of various designs during office hours. And as a result
the time left for teaching will be reduced and there will be no enough time for
the use of teaching aids in teaching.
Furthermore,
apathy on the side of school authority and teachers had even gone to create a
situation where even available instructional materials are not used in
demonstration during teaching and learning in many schools today. For instance,
in teaching of computer, learners are allowed to see the hard and soft wares
without using them. In some cases, such instructional materials are not even
displayed to the learners.
At school
administrative level, the principal charged with the internal supervision of
teachers leave much to be desired in terms of their responsibilities. Some of
them lack the necessary human relation for effective leadership of
subordinates. Such school leads often jettison the guidelines for materials
issued by the relevant authorities in preference for methods guided by their
personal interest than laid down specifications.
Government
that is at the apex of co-ordination especially the relevant authorities does
not help matters. The integrated science and computer science materials are
sporadically carried out and when it is done. Principals and teachers as well
make up deficiencies in their school by way of borrowing science apparatus to
be returned to their original owners after supervisors has come and gone.
Instructional materials are indispensable
tools in teaching and learning of integrated science and computer science.
According to one Chinese proverb which says “what I hear I forget, what I see I
remember, what I do, I know”.
Therefore,
as a result of the on going, there is need to look at the extent use of
instructional material in teaching and learning of integrated science and
computer science in Enugu North.
Statement of
the Problem
The urge to
embark on this research work was stimulated by the short comings in terms of
academic standards in most of our educational institution especially in junior
secondary schools.
The students
would not have the opportunity to manipulate the requires equipments necessary
for the programme, thereby making them not to be conversant with the materials. Lack of instructional materials
leads to poor performance in examination and inability of the student to handle
any instructional materials at his or her disposal after secondary school.
The study
therefore wish to address the extent use of instructional materials in teaching
and learning of integrated science and computer science in Junior secondary
school in Enugu North. Taking cognizance of the associated problems of teaching
and learning.
Purpose of
the Study
This study
seeks to evaluate the extent use of instructional materials in teaching and
learning of integrated science and computer science in junior secondary school
in Enugu North. The researcher’s work is designed to achieve some specific
objectives as follows to:-
1. Ascertain the adequate instructional
materials in teaching and learning of integrated science and computer science
in junior secondary schools in Enugu North.
2. To find out the importance of
instructional materials in teaching and learning of integrated science and
computer science in junior secondary school.
3. To ascertain the extent use of
instructional materials used in teaching and learning in junior secondary
school.
4. To find out the problems militating
against the extent use of instructional material in teaching and learning of
integrated science and computer science in junior secondary school in Enugu
North.
5. To ascertain the problems confronting
junior secondary school teachers in the use of instructural materials in
teaching and learning.
Significance
of the Study
This
research project should be of importance to several parties and this includes
the teachers, the society, the students, the curriculum planners, future
researchers on the subject matter.
The
Teachers: It improve the professional growth and development of teachers.
The Society:
Basic scientific education is established.
The
Students: It will increase the interest of learners in the learning process.
The
Curriculum Planners: It enables the curriculum planners to itemize the teaching
period into suitable unit and be able to access a period during which a topic
should be stop.
The Future
Researchers: Consequently, this study will be a bench mark for future
researchers on the subject matter, as it will be a guide for future enquiry.
The Scope of
the Study
Like every
research projects, this project has its scope and limits within which a
verifiable, acceptable, efficient, effective and reliable solution to be
problem being investigated can be founded and the defined population of study.
The scope of
this study is delimited to teaching and learning of integrated science and Computer
science in Junior Secondary School in Enugu North of Enugu State.
Research
Question
The under
listed are relevant research questions, which will help the researcher to
actually evaluate the extent use of instructional material in teaching and learning
of integrated science and computer science in junior secondary school in Enugu
North.
They are as
follows
1. Are there adequate instructional
materials in teaching and learning of integrated science and computer science
in junior secondary schools in Enugu North?
2. What is the importance of instructional
materials in teaching and learning of integrated science and computer science
in junior secondary school pupils?
3. To what extent does the use of
instructional materials encourage active participation of pupils during the
teaching and learning of integrated science and computer science?
4. What are the problems militating against
extent of use of instructional material in teaching and learning of integrated
science and computer science in junior secondary school in Enugu North?
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