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JUVENILE DELINQUENCY-A REASSESSMENT
FROM THE PAST
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the
Study
Juvenile delinquency is
that behaviour on the part of children which may, under the law, subject those
children to juvenile court. Tappan (1972:12) assert that “the nature of
juvenile delinquency sprang up from different abnormal behaviour such as stealing,
drunkenness, burglary, robbery, rape, homicide, idleness, truancy,
prostitution, disobedience, running away from home, kleptomanism and sexual
promiscuity. Furthermore, it is nothing but a fact to say that juvenile
offenders who after serving a good or complete numbers of his or her punishment
in prison and still continue in deviance is because they are associated with
adult prisoners. In this regard Mr. Sanusi, project Director of Lawyers
continued Education Project (LAWCEP) maintained that “in our society, where the
process of trial is delayed unduly, the young offender spends more time with
hardened criminals than elsewhere.
Different forms of
delinquency have been with man as far back as we can think but modern trends
have made them take a very sharp rise. Glucks (1959) found out that juvenile
delinquency is not a new occurrence during adolescent years but rather a
continuation of anti-social behaviours from childhood due to environmental
subjections or family problems affecting his mental development. That is to say
that there exit a close link between delinquency and the home environment of
the juvenile. The earliest known code of laws (the Code of Hammurabi) took
specific note of the duties of children to parents and prescribed punishments
for violations. As legal systems were elaborated, the age of offenders
continued to be important in defining responsibility for criminal behaviour.
The Nigerian
constitution of 1979 defines juvenile delinquency as “a crime committed by a
young person under the age of 18 years as a result of trying to comply with the
wishes of his peers or to escape from parental pressure or certain emotional
stimulation’. Before a youth in Nigeria is classified a delinquent, he must
have been arraigned before a juvenile court and proved to be guilty of some
offences. Examples of such offences are habitual truancy, drug addiction,
prostitution, stealing, cultism, armed robbery etc. The consequences that
juvenile delinquency has caused to Nigerian society are not only devastating
but numerous. They destroy both lives and property and they also retard the
growth of this country.
Juvenile delinquency
has also contributed to the bad image of our country (Nigeria). For the fact
that most of the delinquent want to get rich quick, corruption and ritual
killings has become the order of the day in coming to our political sphere,
they have turn politics into a do or die affair where thuggery and fighting is
the norm. This has made politics in our country (Nigeria) a dangerous venture.
1.2 Statement of the
Problem
If an investigation or
a study is carried out about juvenile delinquency in Nigeria, the result will
definitely show that cases like rampant stealing, armed robbery, prostitution,
manslaughter, drug addiction, vandalization, truancy, murder, rape, cultism,
burglary and kleptomanism and many other crimes and delinquent behaviour are
common among the youth.
Because of the alarming
rate of juvenile delinquency in our country today, governments, parents,
guidance, sponsors, teachers, moralists and well meaning Nigerians have all
picked interest on its adverse effects in our society. Also the increasing
waves of juvenile delinquency in our country place lives, properties and future
of our youth at stake. For example, in 1989, records of crime as reported by
the Lagos state police command revealed that youths between the ages of
thirteen (13) and twenty one (21) were responsible for adult. 13,782 out of
26,259 crimes committed this year i.e. 1989 were juvenile. Such crime ranges
from shop looting, drug abuse, fighting, raping and stealing etc.
The similar report also
indicated that in the same year (1989) out of 43,000 prisoners serving in
various Nigerian prisons, over 23,000 of them were aged between the ages of
thirteen (13) and twenty five (25) years. Therefore, this study seeks to look
at the nature, consequences and extent of juvenile delinquency in Nigeria among
our youth.
1.3 Research Questions
The following research
questions were used to guide this study:
1. Why do juvenile
engage in delinquent acts?
2. Why do juvenile
offenders continue in crime after being punished or sanctioned?
3. How can Nigerian
government improve or educate youth or juvenile about crime?
4. What are the
negative impacts of delinquent or crime on individual and society at large?
1.4 Objective of the
Study
The objective of this
study is as follows:
1. To find out the
extent why juvenile engage in delinquent acts.
2. To ascertain the
extent juvenile offenders continue in crime after being punished or sanctioned.
3. To find out what
Nigerian government need to do in order to improve or educate juvenile about
crime.
4. To determine the
negative impact of crime on individual and society at large.
1.5 Significance of the
Study
The study looks at the
nature and consequences of juvenile delinquency in Nigeria. In all
ramifications, the study does not claim the fact that all Nigerian juvenile are
criminals or culprits or law violators so to say.
The study is very
beneficial to learning and development processes and helps our youth to be
aware of those things that may lead them to delinquent acts and avoid them. The
study will also help parents, guidance, sponsors etc to know those things they
need to do inorder to prevent their children from so called delinquent acts.
The study goes a long
way to unleash those things our government needs to do inorder to educate our
juvenile and prevent them from future delinquent acts. In conclusion, this
study is significant because it seeks to determine to what extent juvenile
commit crime, why they continued in delinquent act and as well as the result of
their delinquent acts to themselves and society at large.
1.6 Definition of Terms
Nature: This is defined
as the usual way a person or an animal behaves that is part of their character.
Consequence: This
simply means a result of something that has happened.
Juvenile: This refers
to a person who has attained the age of 14 but is under 17 years. That is a
young person who is not yet an adult (Oxford English Dictionary).
Delinquent: It is a
person who deviates from or violated the stipulated law that guides code of
conduct of a particular country or society.
Juvenile Delinquency:
Andy (1960:30) defined it as any social deviation by a youth from the societal
norms which results in his contact with law enforcement agents. It is an act
committed by a young person which violated the stipulated law of that country
or society.
Burglary: It is defined
as a crime of entering a building illegally and stealing things from it.
Robbery: It is defined
as a crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop/store, person etc
especially using violence or threat.
Rape: This is simply a
crime of forcing somebody to have sex with him/her especially using threat or
violence.
Homicide: This simply
means a crime of killing somebody deliberately.
Stealing: This means an
act of taking something from a person’s shop/store, etc. without permission and
without intending to return it or pay for it.
Truancy: This simply
means a practice of staying away from school without permission. It is a crime
to juvenile.
Disobedience: This is
defined as a failure or refusing to do what a person, law, order etc. tells.
Kleptomanism: It is
simply a mental illness in which somebody has a strong desire, which they
cannot control in stealing things. It is common among juvenile.
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