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FEDERAL
CHARACTER PRINCIPLE AND QUOTA SYSTEM IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
Today in
Nigeria the use of federal character and quota system has become an instrument
for recruitment into federal, state and local government civil service. In most
federal system of government, the major issue is usually that of resources
sharing among the federal units at horizontal and vertical level. According to
Elaigwu (1992) where the sharing arrangements are working well, there are less
agitations and citizens have a feeling of belonging and equity. On the other
hand where the quota system is not working well the citizen agitates and makes
all sorts of demands such as call for national conference, etc. However, in
Nigeria, after a series of debate in 1975 the constitutional drafting committee
was set up which established federal character commission as a body charge with
the responsibility of implementing the federal character principle in order to
ensured equitable sharing of posts in the public services. This was also
enshrined in the 1999 federal constitution of federal republic of Nigeria.
The federal
character and quota system as enshrined in the constitution of Nigeria is to
ensure equitable distributions of bureaucratic and political roles in the
public service at federal, states and local government levels. The objectives
of the policy are to foster national unity and give every Nigerian a sense of
belonging in the country. In support of this view Usman(2004;117) said that it
was an effort to
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readdress
the unbalanced structure and ethnic domination in government so that national
integration could be achieved. The federal character principle which is
implemented under the federal character commission is therefore designed and
initiated to correct adverse impact resulting from opportunities and resources
provided by the federal government to the citizens of the country that appears
neutral but have a discriminatory effect on a protected group. The federal
character principle is therefore structured to ensure strong and indivisible
nation based on justice and fairness, while also ensuring that a sense of
belonging of all Nigerians is still maintained. As laudable as the above policy
maybe, and the empowerment of the concept in the nation’s constitution, its
application has remain a debatable topic to which some critics have claimed
that the policy comprise the merit system which will create an enabling
environment for those that are only qualified to be employed into the Nigerian
civil service, thereby fostering quality service rendering for the development
of the country. According To Ekeh(1989) Federal character principle has become
a problem instead of solution to problems it was expected to tackle.
Bodunrin(2003) also in assessing the Federal Character from the merit
perspective, asserts that the federal character principle is counter-
productive.
Therefore it is important to note that, efficient manpower utilization is
determined through effective credible recruitment. But Idumange(2008)
specifically lists two areas where the Federal government has been most
10
successful
in implementing the federal character principle; The National Youth Service
Corps(NYSC) and recruitment into the Armed Forces. Thus this ensures Nigerians
get their own share of the ‘national cake’ rather than agitations which has
prevented another civil war in the country.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
There is no
doubt that every research work must have statement of problem to which this
research works is not an exception. There are many cases going on in Nigeria
that the federal character principle has been unjustly implemented. Also the
annual reports from the publications of the federal character commission shows
that a lot of complaint arise as a result of breach of federal character
principles by some establishments for example in the federal character monitor,
a quarterly publication of the commission (2008:5) accused and summoned the
Nigeria communication commission over breach of federal character principles.
More so, the
inefficiency of the policy in recruiting manpower potentials into the
organization and the selection of employees which is not based on merit but the
federal character principles are some of the problems that affect the efficient
performance of the Nigerian public service. Furthermore, the poor performance
of employee’s discovered by the president Olusegun Obasanjo led administration
was traced to poor manpower utilization and poor quality of civil servants,
also testify to this weakness. Thus, in view of the above problems, the
11
need to
analyze recruitment process in government establishments are strategic and must
be structured properly..
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. To what extent is the federal character
principle and quota system jeopardizing merit in the recruitment of personnel
in the public service?
2. How efficient and effective is the federal
character principle and quota system in the recruitment of personnel into the
public service?
3. What are the probable problems in the
application of the federal character principle and quota system in the
recruitment exercise of the public service?
4. What are the overall implications of federal
character principle and quota system on recruitment exercise at public service?
1.4
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To examine the extent to which the federal
character and quota system is jeopardizing merit in the recruitment and of
personnel in the public service.
2. To identify the effectiveness and efficiency
of the federal character principle
and quota
system in the recruitment of personnel into the public service.
3. To identify probable problems in the
application of the federal character principle
and quota system
on the recruitment
of personnel into
the
public service.
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4. To examine the overall implications of
federal character principle and quota system on the recruitment exercise in the
public service.
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES.
1. The application of federal character
principle and quota system is largely to an extent jeopardizing merit in the
recruitment of personnel into the public service.
2. That the federal character principle and
quota system is inefficient and ineffective in the recruitment of personnel
into the public service.
3. That there are probable problems in the
application of the federal character principle and quota system on the
recruitment of personnel into the public service.
4. That the federal character principle and
quota system has numerous implications on the recruitment exercise in the
public service.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
importance of this research work cannot be over emphasized. However, this study
intends to examine the application of federal character principle and quota
system in the Nigerian public service: jeopardizing the meritocracy of the
service, particularly examining recruitment exercise at the FIRS and assess the
commission in charge of the application of the federal character principle in
the Nigeria public service. Also the study examines and reviews the implication
of federal character principle on manpower utilization in public service at
federal, states and local government level in Nigeria.
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