ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR
CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK
YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE
PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N10,000 ONLY. THE FULL
INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS
PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION
AS A TOOL FOR REDUCING
UNEMPLOYMENT
IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to
the
Study
Nigeria is bedeviled by a myriad of problems which, despite her oil wealth, inhibit her development and even threaten her continued existence as a sovereign state. Nigeria’s socio- political and economic circumstances give the significant indication that many of her problems stem from an origin of artificial colonial construct which lumped together a variety of separate peoples. Fragmentation of the nation is seen as a distinct possibility unless its citizens can be induced to accept a new sense of Nigerian identity, involving a commitment to the survival of the present state as a cohesive entity. This would necessitate a number of radical changes, not only in the political and economic structure of the country but also in the
psychology of the people. Nigerians have lived through series of administrations under
different governments, and the question still arises, ‘is Nigeria a nation at all?’ A critical look at what the government calls reform reveals a personally instituted concept of governance, filling the seats of power with those they believe to be their kin, rather than have professionals in the positions of merit, and a breed of people typified by their integrity of
heart, ingrained in the trainings and qualifications they have received in the course of service
to the nation.
The increasing number of those who are not gainfully employed or adequately educated
in the country, remain preys as political tools of violence as it has been seen in the history of violence occurring in the country over a period of time. The country has depended much on
oil as its major source of revenue for years, however, the current administration also fails to recognize that the future of the country may very well depend on the economy of its people (the youths), which is
possibly the only untapped, ill harnessed, most lucrative resource of
the
country. If it remains this way in the next ten years, putting
into consideration the effect of
increased poverty, lack of employment, poor educational system, it is unpredictable what the
result will be.
The table below shows the statistical data of the rate of unemployment and the
population rate from 2006 to 2011 in Nigeria. It is the result of a survey carried out by the National Bureau of Statistics and shows that persons aged 0--14 years constituted 39.6%, those aged between 15 ‐ 64 (the economically active population), constituted 56.3%, while those aged 65 years and above constituted 4.2%. Analysis of employment data for the past 5
years show that the rate of new entrants into the labour market has not been uniform in the
past five years. The rate was on the increase from 2007 to 2009 but declined significantly from 2009 to 2010. The rate increased again from 2010 to 2011. Within the five year period,
there has been an average of about 1.8 million new entrants into the active labour market per year.
Table 1.1: Trend of new entrants into the active labor force from 2007
to 2011
Source:
National
Bureau of Statistics
Table 1.2: Unemployment
rate by Educational level, Age
group,
sex and sector (2011)
Evidence from a range of sources including the report of the National Committee on Job Creation and Putting Nigeria to Work (World Bank 2010) reveals that the biggest drivers of Nigeria’s current youth unemployment
crises are:
-
Lack of jobs
-
Lack of skills and
experience
-
Mismatch between
supply and
demand for labour
-
Numerous barriers to youth
entrepreneurship
Plethora of job creation interventions
in the public, private and nonprofit sectors, including
Nigerian Directorate of Employment (NDE), Industrial Training Fund (ITF), National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP), Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN), only reaching fewer than 100,000 youths a year. These initiatives struggle to transform the lives of Nigerian youth because of
their:
-
Limited
scope and scale
-
Limited
focus on the unique needs
of young Nigerians
-
Poor collaboration
and cooperation across the sectors
-
Outdated and theoretical training models
-
Distance from
the grassroots.
In the ‘NeXT Generation Report’ of the British
Council in 2010, it is highlighted
that
Nigeria needs to develop the infrastructure that will underpin a world class
economy, spending up to an additional
4% of
Gross
Domestic Product (GDP)
on this task. It should diversify away from oil, with an emphasis on sectors that will improve employment prospects for young people, while removing obstacles to economic
growth and private enterprise. The oil industry
contributes as much as 40% to national GDP, but is highly capital-intensive and employs only a tiny fraction of the population. Other industries still in their
infancy offer greater potential
to Nigeria and Nigerians:
communications; manufacturing (textiles, clothing and footwear;
automobiles); and the mining of resources other than oil.
Clearly, national development cannot be spoken of without the citizenry first believing
in a common goal that
obliterates segregation between
people of differentiated peculiarities in a community. This is critically supposed
to be heaved on the responsibilities of the
government. Poverty and lack, illiteracy and miseducation,
bad leadership and poor governance are the threading of the society, that when weaved with the economy of the people, brings about dissociation
from any that shares no particular quality with themselves. However this has to be changed through changing the mindset of people through the quality of education received within the
walls of our institutions.
According to National Bureau of Statistics
(2009:238; 2010:2),
the national unemployment rates for Nigeria between 2000 and 2009 showed that the number of unemployed persons constituted 31.1% in 2000;
13.6% in 2001;
12.6% in 2002;
14.8% in
2003; 13.4%
in 2004; 11.9% in 2005; 13.7% in 2006;
14.6% in 2007;
14.9% in 2008 and
% in 2009.
Lack of entrepreneurial education, that creates a self-reliant ideology in people will lead to gross unemployment,
which results in poverty and lack; this in turn creates survival
instincts in individuals, and then brings about segregation among the people, Nigeria could
never attain
integration
with the current educational strategy being used.
Entrepreneurial education will however lead to increased employment,
reduce poverty
level, bring about entrepreneurs working together for common good and consequently establishing a stronger economy than the present Nigerian economy. Entrepreneurs can take
advantage of the nation’s state to grow their businesses, create jobs and employment for required skill sets they will find within their societies and grow.
Poverty entails more than just the lack of income and productive resources to ensure sustainable livelihoods. Its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to
education and other basic services, social discrimination and exclusion
as well as the lack of participation in decision-making. Various social groups bear disproportionate burden of
poverty.
A social perspective on poverty should contribute to the debate on the effectiveness and limitations of current poverty reduction strategies, one of which is education. Education is critical to the development of personal economy from poverty level to at least the level of self-sustenance, however,
the current curriculum of
the Nigerian educational
system,
prepares the average graduate to be prepared to become employed by the available firms or business
owners in the society, which an approach grows the number
of unemployed in the society.
Entrepreneurial
education emphasizes
more on the quality of
education administered, than the number of students that pass through school, according to the goals of the United Nations for
developing countries.
Among the barriers that would hinder progress within the current Nigerian education systems certainly are (these are however, not unique to the educational
sector):
·
Rigidity of
systems: Certain people benefit from the status quo, and are resistant to change. Others are unable to see the possibilities for change, or lack the commitment,
courage or energy needed
·
Governments, or
local leaders, who are generally not
held accountable for how
much money is spent, and how education systems are managed
·
Sufficiency attitude – what is provided for the
poor is good enough
·
Inadequate pro-poor infrastructure or support systems – this makes it difficult to implement successful poverty eradication
interventions
·
A lack of systematic tracking of pro-poor interventions – in this way, it is
extremely difficult to know if the activities and programmes implemented have had any impact
at all.
Nigeria cannot combat the ills of the society just by raising its budget; there should be a strategic systematic approach to education
that would bridge the gap between its service delivery and
its effectiveness in the country.
Statement of the Problem
Education in Nigeria is devoid of the element crucial to averting the surging rate of
unemployment in the country, therefore the breeding of psychological dependence on direct access to money. Entrepreneurial development through education will advance the economy
of the nation; much credence should
be given to it and ingrained with focus on profitable personal development. Unemployment prevails in the country, hence, the growth of violence,
poverty and segregation amongst citizens, because
the educational system itself
fails
to empower the ones
passing through it.
This should be the core message of the evolving educational policy of Nigeria which is
devoid of a system of education that emphasizes on the need to culture the country's young through the knowledge of rudimentary entrepreneurial development, common cultural heritage, and identification of exploitable strengths of structures, systems and cultures of
others.
Objectives of the Study
1.
To
appraise if educational styles
arouse interest of students
in the industries of their discipline.
2.
To explore the effectiveness of entrepreneurial development
course/training in
education in universities that offer it.
3.
To see if the current
university educational system stimulates
entrepreneurial creativity in
its students
Research Questions
1.
Do the educational strategies arouse in the students mature curiosity in
the industries of their discipline?
2.
Are the entrepreneurial development
strategies
being implemented
truly
effective?
3.
Does the
university classroom
stimulate creativity
necessary
for
entrepreneurship in the students?
Significance
of the Study
The focus of this study brings to the fore the crucial need for entrepreneurial education
in Nigeria, putting more consideration on the educational system, strategies and its eventual social developmental effect in the society.
The study highlights the problems of the level of education in the country and its equivalence to level of poverty in the society by virtue of lack of employment or knowledge of how
to startup businesses.
One of the MDG goals highlights education as a critical factor for reducing poverty and
dependency in developed nations.
Therefore, this thesis contributes to knowledge
by
identifying what is important to the economy, which is qualitative
education focused on the
needs of the economy per time, rather than the resolution
of the United Nations to increase
budgetary details or increasing the number of people that go through school. This is not the first paper on entrepreneurial education; however, it is the first to do a comparative study on
what
is being implemented by different universities to see its effectiveness in order to ascertain the strategy which would eventually help for the Nigerian economy in truly eradicating unemployment in Nigeria.
Scope of the Study
The
study
examines the role
of entrepreneurial education in the development of Nigeria,
its significance in the reduction of unemployment in Nigeria and including a comparison
between universities that implement para-entrepreneurship educational systems. The study
considered the undergraduates of the current university system, from levels one to the final year, those who gained admission into the university in the last five (5) years. This study
period is considered to be relevant because of its immediate impact on the future of Nigeria, through which one can discover if the role education plays currently will facilitate national
development.
The study considers students and graduates of Covenant University, Ota and Federal
University of Technology, Akure as case studies. It is a comparative study between the two
universities; the former being a Christian
private university, and the latter
a federal university. The two universities have embraced entrepreneurial education as part of their
curriculums for
at least three (3) years.
Limitations of the Study
The
limitations to the study are listed below:
4.
Classroom observations
were inhibited by
the
long
and cumbersome process of obtaining permissions to carry out
research.
5.
Knowledge of lecturers about research would impede the regular style of lecturing to
attempt
including entrepreneurial mentions
during classes
6.
Responses from some undergraduates were possibly laced with ideals
rather than
realistic perspective of what
they
do experience (please see chapter
four)
7.
There was no comprehensive data
on
graduate employment
statistics from
the
universities involved.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT
WORK
PLEASE, print the following
instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written
material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT
MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate
amount (#10,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1)
Your project topics
(2)
Email Address
(3)
Payment Name
(4)
Teller Number
We
will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 0046579864
Bank:
GTBank.
OR
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 2023350498
Bank:
UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
https://projectmaterialsng.blogspot.com.ng/
https://foreasyprojectmaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://mypostumes.blogspot.com.ng/
https://myeasymaterials.blogspot.com.ng/
https://eazyprojectsmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
https://easzprojectmaterial.blogspot.com.ng/
Comments
Post a Comment