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A SURVEY OF
FACTORS PREDISPOSING ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Academic
dishonesty, or more commonly known as cheating and plagiarism, has been a
constant problem for year’s at all educational levels. Academic dishonesty
could be defined as a form of misconduct or cheating that usually takes place
among students during examination, exercise or presentation (Reyes, 2006). It
could also be regarded as a complex-behavior influenced by
multiple-situational, contextual, and individual qualities, has gradually
eroded higher-education-system.
Academic-dishonesty
is defined as the deliberate behavior or action that interferes with or hinders
the pursuit of knowledge and results in misrepresentation of
academic-materials, taking credit or recognition for academic-work (including
papers, lab-reports, quizzes, examination, etc.) that is not one’s own, or
fabricating-data, records or tampering with university-documents (UNESCO,
2003).
According to
Baillo, Reyes, and Bautista, (2000) stated that a number of studies have shown
evidence of the growing prevalence of academic dishonesty in academic
institutions. It is disheartening to note that it all emanates from the context
of the community and the school. It is a common image of most institutions of
higher learning to aim for academic excellence and to develop character.
However, owing to the results of these studies, we can see a different picture
(Resurreccion, 2012).
In the
Nigeria, there were reports of an increasing percentage of students who have
committed at least one act of academic dishonesty (Mohr, Ingram, Fell &
Mabey, 2011; Kisamore, Stone & Jawahar, 2007). The cheating, is a part and
parcel of academic-integrity, also is a complex-phenomenon that is neither
confined to a specific-geographical-hemisphere, nor to any cultural-exclusivity
(Chalghaf, 2013). It is also ironically assumed, that “Cheating” is
universally-understood and that every-school or university-student knows what
“cheating” is. However, it has been shown, that students and faculty differ
widely on their-beliefs and perceptions of cheating (Roig & DeTommaso,
2005), so the definition of cheating is worthy of additional reflections.
Webster’s New World Dictionary (2004), for example, defines cheating as “being
dishonest or deceitful.” Cheating is defined by Teixeira and Rocha (2010) as
“acts which cover areas identified as illegal, unethical, immoral or that go
against the rules, either in the course or in the universities” and they also
stated, that countries, where cheating is most-prevalent, are
highly-corrupt-countries
Academic
dishonesty and misconduct, as a research subject, has gained much attention
since the early part of the twentieth century (Hulsart & McCarthy, 2009).
These studies have determined the possible long-term effects of academic
dishonesty on the students and the school. They speculated that cheating and
plagiarism will more likely result to unethical behavior in the place of work
(Mohr, Ingram, Fell & Mabey, 2011).
It is also
assumed that if a higher education institution (HEI) shall be identified for
poor academic integrity, the communityand other stakeholders will tend to lose
trust on the degrees conferred on graduates and on the capability and moral
character of the graduates themselves (Resurreccion, 2012). Meanwhile, a number
of studies on academic dishonesty had focused on business schools. It isto be
noted that business students in the Nigeria. were commonly more unethical in
their behavior than nonbusiness majors (Smyth & Davis, 2004). The question
now is, Are these findings true to Filipino teacher education students as well?
For the past decades, Filipino scholars have conducted studies on academic
integrity which mostly revolved around cheating on assignments and
examinations, more than half of which involved students in the elementary and
secondary levels (Mocorro, 2008; Baillo, 2000; Reyes, 1998; Koo, 1990; Binuya,
1988; Abrantes, 1984; Bautista, 1980).
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The federal
government of Nigeria has put in lots of efforts to shape the educational
sector especially the tertiary institution in Nigeria in terms of good lecture
delivery and proper conduct between lecturers and students before and during
examination or class exercise. One of the major factors affecting most tertiary
institutions is the issue of academic dishonesty. The level of academic
dishonesty maybe as a result of over expectant from parent or sponsor of most
of the undergraduate students in Nigeria; it could be as a result of low
self-esteem and peer group. It may also be as a result of fear of having extra-
year. Secondly there have been studies on academic dishonesty but not even a
single study has been carried out on a survey of factors predisposing academic
dishonesty among undergraduates in AAU, Ekpoma; hence a need for the study.
1.3 AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim
of the research work is to determine the factors predisposing academic
dishonesty among undergraduate in AAU Ekpoma. Other specific objectives of the
study are:
1. to
ascertain the level of academic dishonesty among undergduates in AAU, Ekpoma
2. to
determine the causes of academic dishonesty among undergraduates in AAU, Ekpoma
3. to
examine whether teachers’ quality affects the level academic dishonesty in AAU,
Ekpoma
4. to
determine the effect of poor reading habits on students’ academic dishonesty in
AAU, Ekpoma
5. to
examine whether fear of failure predispose academic dishonesty among AAU
students
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The study
came up with research questions so as to answer the above objectives of the
study. The research questions for the study are:
1. What is
the level of academic dishonesty among undergduates in AAU, Ekpoma?
2. What are
the causes of academic dishonesty among undergraduates in AAU, Ekpoma?
3. Does
teachers’ quality affect the level academic dishonesty in AAU, Ekpoma?
4. What is
the effect of poor reading habits on students’ academic dishonesty in AAU,
Ekpoma?
5. Does fear
of failure predispose academic dishonesty among AAU students?
1.5
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Hypothesis 1
H0: the
level of academic dishonesty among undergduates in AAU, Ekpoma is low
H1: the
level of academic dishonesty among undergduates in AAU, Ekpoma is high
Hypothesis 2
H0: poor
reading habits has no significant effect on students’ academic dishonesty in
AAU, Ekpoma
H0: poor
reading habits has significant effect on students’ academic dishonesty in AAU,
Ekpoma
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The study on
a survey of factors predisposing academic dishonesty among undergraduate will
be of immense benefit to the entire undergraduates in AAU Ekpoma in the sense
that the study will discuss on academic dishonesty, the study will educate the
students on causes of academic dishonesty and how to prevent it. The study will
also serve as a repository of information to other researchers that desire to
carry out similar research on the above topic. Finally the study will
contribute to the body of existing literature and knowledge in this field of
study and provide a basis for further research
1.7 SCOPE OF
STUDY
The study on
a survey of factors predisposing academic dishonesty among undergraduate will
focus on 400 level final year students of AAU, Ekpoma. The study will cover on
academic dishonesty, the factors responsible for academic dishonesty and the
preventive measure to be adopted.
1.8
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Financial
constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher
in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the
process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time
constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other
academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the
research work
1.9
DEFINITION OF TERMS
AAU: Ambrose
Alli University
Dishonesty:
deceitfulness shown in most undergraduates’ character or behavior in AAU,
Ekpoma
Academic
dishonesty: Academic dishonesty or academic misconduct is any type of cheating
that occurs in relation to a formal academic exercise in AAU, Ekpoma.
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