PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS PRE-MARITAL SEX, IMPLICATION FOR COUNSELLING
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PERSONAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS PRE-MARITAL SEX,
IMPLICATION FOR COUNSELLING
ABSTRACT
The study
was designed to investigate personal characteristic of secondary school
students towards pre-marital sex in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom
State. It was undertaken under the background of the increasing involvement of
adolescents in pre-marital sex. Four variables were isolated for investigation.
These were gender, age, self-concept and religiosity. Four research questions
and hypotheses were formulated. The four hypotheses were tested at 0.05 alpha
levels using the independent t-test statistics. Data was gathered using
personal characteristics and attitude of students towards premarital sex
questionnaire (PCSTPQ) constructed by the researcher. The sample size used was
200 Senior Secondary II students drawn from five selected secondary schools.
The result of the data showed that the four variable influences students
vulnerability towards premarital sex. Finally, it was recommended that parents,
teachers, governments, counsellors, religious bodies, NGOs and other bodies
should work towards intervening and helping adolescents stay off premarital
sex.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
Students in
secondary schools are often in their adolescence stage of development.
Adolescence is a stage human beings face once throughout a lifetime. This stage
serves as a threshold for biological, physical, psychological and social
development which is accompanied by either positive or negative behaviours
depending on the environment that the child is brought up. At this stage, risky
sexual behaviours including early sexual debut, unprotected sexual intercourse
and multiple sexual partners are often linked to the adolescent. (World Health
Organization, 2015).
Sexual
intercourse before marriage often termed premarital sex is gradually becoming a
norm than exception in most of the contemporary society and culture most people
consider premarital sex as acceptable and harmless (RENA, 2016). Sexual
activities among adolescents have been reported to be increasing on a daily
basis (Fidaku, 2000). Emerging evidence from rural and urban areas shows that
premarital sex is no longer a taboo in some areas and as such many adolescents
now engage in pre-marital sexual activity (Collin, 2001). Mostly, adolescence
stage is a time when sex is greatly experimented. In the course of
experimentation, they are exposed to high risk situations such as contracting
sexually transmitted disease, HIV\AIDS, Unintended pregnancy, early marriage
and abortions (Fidaku,2000)
Secondary
school students are often faced with strong social, peer and cultural pressure
to engage in pre-marital sex. As a result of this, significant numbers of
adolescents are involved in sexual activities at an early age and by extension
put themselves at high risk for intentional and unintentional injuries and
risky behaviours (Taffa, 2002). Pre-marital sex is any sexual activity with an
opposite sex partners or a same sex when the individual has started marital
relationship. This is characterized by being unanticipated, unpredictable and
inconsistent with values and by extension becoming a common feature in
adolescents. Pre-marital sex is fast becoming a major life threatening and
health problem among students as it makes them vulnerable to sexually
transmitted diseases (Zerai, 2005)
Collin (2001)
in his view on the high rate of pre-marital sexual activities among
adolescents’ pointed that sex seems to dominate the thoughts and actions of
modern human beings. It is the central issue of concern among students at all
levels of education. It is a dominant theme in movies, art, politics and the
church. Zeng (2001) asserted that mass media, rapid modernization, economic
expansion and exposure to new ideas act to influence young people view on
pre-marital sex. As a result of this, they no longer see pre-marital sex as a
taboo. Researchers are of the view that the desire to engage in premarital sex
by some adolescents is influenced by some factors such as age, self-concept,
gender, and religious affiliation, parental influence on sexuality, culture,
hereditary, environment and personal characteristics of an individual (Werner
and Wilson 2001).
Students in
secondary school ranges from 10 or 11 years to 18years of age. Students here
come from different backgrounds and it is assumed that adolescents in this environment
model themselves after the older ones. This care is diverse in nature, the most
important of which is imparting of knowledge to the adolescents brought to this
environment (Olu, 2002). As one transit into adulthood, a change in perceptions
and behaviours occur: as ones personality becomes well pronounced. The
individual sheds the emotion laden views of adolescence as he/she climbs the
developmental ladder, except if fixation occurs at some point (Dive Weiler and
Zanna, 2003). This goes to justify that one may not be able to rate the
students to be different from the adult where it concerns sexual expression.
They are all subjected to the social spirit of the environment. In this way,
males and females differ in their physiological make up. These differences are
perceived to have affected the ways in which each of the sexes acts and reacts
in certain or given circumstances. The era of no sex until marriage seems to be
disappearing (Williams and Solomon, 2002).The maxim then seems to be before marriage
where boys and girls would be virgins. If the boys saved themselves, it would
be better but it was understood that many boys would not achieve that goal.
These societal expectations appear to have been at the roof of the involvement
in pre-marital sexual activities or spree. However, it is observed that girls
of these days appear to be different from their counterparts in the previous
generation. The pre-twentieth century women did not have the luxury of modern
techniques of birth control, refined means of abortion, mass media influence
and an emboldened womanhood courtesy of the liberation struggles of some women,
which are now at the disposal of today’s women and they are capitalizing on it
(Sorense, 2003).
The
importance of self concept in explaining the sexual behaviour of a man has been
confirmed by Muhammad (2007) when he noted that, an individual’s concept of
self provides grounds by which one can understand and predict a measure of
behaviour, describing the concept. Olown (2000) perceived self concept as the
system of perception which the organism formulates of the self in awareness of
its unique being.
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