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THE IMPACT
OF CONFLICT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN WAEC EXAMINATION IN CIVIC
EDUCATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Conflict is
defined as disagreement between two or more persons as a result of unexpected
behaviour, change in attitude or denial of right over an issue (Mogbo, 2002).
Conflict between parents and adolescents at this stage could be as a result of
chain reaction. Change in attitude of the adolescent as a result of the
developmental stage could trigger off force, excessive control and denial of
rights by parents. When adolescent’s needs are not met he clashes with anybody
or anything that comes his way.
Conflict is
a disagreement between two or more persons, it is generally disturbing to all
those involved. Adolescent-parental conflict coupled with the developmental
stage is stressful to the adolescent. He needs help and support, and since the
parents are not in the position to render this help because of the conflict,
the adolescent seeks counsel from the peer group. This is the foundation for
maladjustment (Forehand et al, 2001), it is an opportunity to copy bad
behaviours and wrong attitudes to life. If this maladjustment is not properly
handled, it is capable of affecting the progress of the adolescent.
Children
from homes with marital conflict generally have poor academic achievement when
the conflict affects the parent-child relationship. The reverse is the case
when parent-child relationship is not affected (Miliotis Sesma and Masten,
2007). This suggests that parent-child relationship is important for proper
adjustment of the child in school. Parents are also stressed and unhappy when
relationship, with their children is not cordial. The level of adolescent
parental conflict and its influence vary from individual to individual, from
family to family and from one society to another.
In some
cases, it is more between fathers and sons in other cases between mothers and
daughters and vice versa. Adolescent parental conflict in some families are
relatively infrequent short-lived and mild in intensity. While in some other
families or societies, it is so severe that they may need the help of a
counsellor (Allison, 2000).
Communication
barrier or improper communication is another important reason for conflict.
When adolescents are not given reasons why they should or should not do
anything, they feel unnecessarily restricted. They become angry and may even
revolt against their parents. (Winex and Anderson, 2007).
Academic
performance refers to how well a student is accomplishing his or her tasks and
studies (Scortt’s, 2012). Grades are certainly the most well-known indicator of
academic performance. Grades are the student’s “score” for their classes and
overall tenure. Grades are most often a tallying or average of assignment and
test scores and may often be affected by factors such as attendance an
instructor opinion of the student as well.
Grading
systems vary greatly by county and school; common scales include a percentage
form 1-100, lettering systems from A-F, and grade point averages (GPA) from
0-4.0 or above. According to Ward, Stocker and Murray-Ward (2006) academic
performance refers to the outcome of education; the extent to which the
student, teacher or institution have achieved their educational goals. Academic
performance is the ability to study and remember facts and being able to
communicate one’s knowledge verbally or written on paper (Answers, 2010).
In the
context of this study, performance refers to the extent to which students have
achieved mastery of the objectives of the subjects they are exposed to in
school. According to (Aremu and Sokan 2003) academic achievement has been
observed in school subjects especially mathematic and English language among
secondary school students.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Adolescent
is a very stressful developmental stage, the child has numerous problems to
cope with and many questions to ask about himself, his changing environment and
his career. This is also the period of working hard, making vocational choice
suitable both for his ability and interest, if he must experience job
satisfaction in future. The child needs the guardian of the parents and
teachers now more than ever. Most grownups shows bad examples by fighting
amongst themselves in the presence of the children and in most cases, they
might just be the ones encouraging them to engage in conflict forgetting that
it could have a negative effect on their educational sector, and all these
unnecessary actions are just so on call for. Finally, several researches has
been carried out on the impact of conflict on academic performance of students
but not even a single research has been carried out on the impact of conflict
on the performance of students in WAEC examination in civic education in Jos
metropolis of Plateau state.
1.3 AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
The main aim
of the study is to determine the impact of conflict on the performance of
students in WAEC examination in civic education in Jos metropolis. Other
specific objectives of the study include:
1. to
determine the effect of conflict on the performance of students in WAEC
examination in civic education in Jos metropolis.
2. to
determine the extent to which conflict affects the performance of students in
WAEC examination in civic education in Jos Metropolis.
3. to
determine the influence of conflict on the performance of students in WAEC
examination.
4. to
proffer possible solutions to the problems.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
1. What is
the effect of conflict on the performance of students in WAEC examination in
civic education in Jos metropolis?
2. What is
the extent to which conflict affects the performance of students in WAEC
examination in civic education in Jos Metropolis?
3. What is
the influence of conflict on the performance of students in WAEC examination?
4. What are
the possible solutions to the problems?
1.5
STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H0: Conflict
has no significant effect on the performance of students in WAEC examination in
civic education.
H1: Conflict
has a significant effect on the performance of students in WAEC examination in
civic education.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The study on
the impact of conflict on the performance of students in WAEC examination in
civic education will be of immense benefit to the entire Jos metropolis of
Plateau state in the sense that it will enable the government to employ
competent teachers to teach the students and also the school management will be
able to set up a committee that takes care of the defaulters of conflicts in
the school. The study will also enable the teachers to check their lives in
that they can be bold enough to show it as the best example for the students to
follow because as the teacher, the students look up to them for any example of
life style they portray. Finally, the study will contribute to the body of
existing literature and knowledge and basis for further research.
1.7 SCOPE OF
STUDY
The study on
the impact of conflict on the performance of students is limited to WAEC
examination in civic education in Jos metropolis of Plateau state.
1.8
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Financial
constraint- Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher
in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the
process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).
Time
constraint- The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other
academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the
research work.
1.9
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ImpactA
marked effect or influence.
ConflictRefers
to some form of friction, or discord arising within a group when the beliefs or
actions of one or more members of the group are either resisted by or
unacceptable to one or more members of another group.
PerformanceIs
the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their short
or long-term educational goals.
StudentsIs
primarily a person enrolled in a school or other educatiobnal institution who
attends classes in a course to attain the appropriate level of mastery of a
subject under the guidance of an instructor and who devotes time outside class
to do whatever activities the instructor assigns that are necessary either for
class preparation or to submit evidence of progress towards that mastery.
ExaminationA
formal test of a person’s knowledge or proficiency in a subject or skill.
Civic
Education In a democracy is education in self government. Democratic self
government means that citizens are actively involved in their own governance;
they do not just passively accept the dictums of others or acquiesce to the
demands of others.
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