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A FEASIBILITY
STUDY
ON
THE PRODUCTION
OF SACHET WATER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Step I - Business
Climate
Step II - Product
Step III - Market
Step IV - Technical
Step V - Raw
Material
Step VI - Manpower
Step VII - Production
Procedure
Step VIII - Quality
Contract
Step IX - Financial Requirement
Step X - Conclusion
STEP
I
BUSINESS
CLIMATE
The
Engenes and the Ekpeyes areas have only wet and dry seasons, this are the two
seasons in Nigeria. During the raining season, there is high rainfall which
drains into the sea and the rivers and render them undrinkable, while that of
the dry seasons are not without drains but with the activity of oils firms
perpetually polluting the seas and the water rivers and render them
undrinkable, which cause cholera and other water borne diseases. The people
engage in so many petty trades which require good water, their population is
very high and their income level is low, their consumption is very high, the
amount of currency in circulation is by Naira and the gross consumption
expenditure on water is high, the possibility of producing the product in that
particular area by using the underground water.
STEP II
THE PRODUCT
The
importance of safe portable water cannot be overemphasized. Water as well all
know is one of the most abundant if not the most abundant substance in the
world. Water is used for consumption, agricultural purposes, induction purpose
etc.
Water
everywhere, but is it safe or drinking is an important question, considering
the fact that contaminated water when consumed is very harmful to humans. As I
earlier stated even though we see water everywhere millions of people do not
have access to safe portable drinking water. Various human activities both
agricultural and industrial have helped rendered waters unsafe for both human
and animals. The Engenes and the Ekpenyes being people of Riverline areas and
also a place of very mud industrial activities makes their more prone to
possible contamination from industrial waste. Also the fact that their water is
acidic renders the water unsafe for consumption.
Because
of the good qualities, it has gone beyond the region such as Ogba, big and
small Elele, and some parts of Bayelsa.
Supply of sachet water
Ø Who
are their competitors?
There
are two competitors in the market, which is A.B. and Tom sachet water
production.
Ø The
competitors could increase their price which there is a price war there human
relationship is too poor.
Their
goods are not available when the consumers need them. They don’t give discount,
and also there is no promote to their consumers. The lack sufficient product.
Ø What are their installed
capacities?
They
don’t have enough capacity to produce up to 60cl, because the capacity for the
production of sachet water is 60cl, which their volume is not up that, and
there is no enough space also the environment is not conducive and they don’t
have the equipment.
Ø Their production rates over a
period of time are of paramount importance?
No?
It not important, because they don’t produce daily, they produce weekly and
monthly. Sachet water production needs a daily production, which the consumers
need it every day.
Ø Market Size
The
Engenes and the Ekpenyes have a very large population size: the demand for
sachet water will be high population of the area: 1,100,000 projected Market
Share: -500 bags daily.
(Note:
A bag contains 20 sachets, therefore 500 x 20= 10,000 sachets daily)
Monthly
Consumption = 500 bags x 20 days
= 10,000
bags
Yearly
consumption = 10,000 bags x 12
=12, 000
bags
Yearly
Sales = 120, 000 x N60
= 7,
200, 000
The
above sales projection is based on the fact that there are only 2 competitors
in the market. It is agreed that the competition could increase but since the
population is growing, it is hope that the loss in sales will not be
significant. The following projections are made in the other four years.
Year Market Share Unit
Price Sales
2 124,800 65 8,112,000
3 127,200 65 8,268,000
4 132,000 70 9,240,000
5 132,000 75 9,900,000
STEP IV
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
Here
I have considered the availability at a reasonable price of all technical
factor and inputs. I have also looked at the suitability of the manufacturing
production to be adopted and the best ways to plan the production programme. I
have therefore decided to discuss this under the following subheadings:
a. LAND
AND BUILDING
A
suitable land has been looked at, the land that is required to put up the water
production plant, this includes building of offices and (warehouse and two
offices), conveniences, security gate, car parks, engine house, etc.
b. FACTORY
LOCATION
Ahoda
is considered to be the most suitable place due to the presence of
infrastructural facilities-electricity, road and water. This place is motorable
and links the other major cities. It is also considered to be the heart of this
region thereby making it closer to a large part of the population.
c. PLANT
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
ü Packaging
Machine
ü Membrane
filtration unit
ü Carbon
canister
ü Sand
canister
ü Corrosex
ü Ultraviolet
irradiation machine
ü Temporary
storage tanks (reservour)
ü Generator
(standby power supply)
ü Water
pumps
STEP V
RAW MATERIAL
Bore
hole is used
STEP VI
MANPOWER REQUIREMENT
Since
this is one of the most sensitive part of the production process, only the best
personal are employed. This section is divided into skill and unskilled manpower.
The
skilled manpower includes:
A
geologist, he or she helps identify a suitable soil, a microbiologist he/she
carries out microbiological test on water, a biochemist or chemist help put the
chemical parameter under control. You also employ the services of a manager,
someone with knowledge about financial management.
Unskilled Manpower
This
includes employing the services of a driver, one that can carries the finished
from one place to another, also another person that can help in off-loading the
finished products to large scale buyers; and also a cashier, cleaners and
security personnel.
STEP VII
PRODUCTION PROCEDURE
This
outlines the processes involved in the production of safe drinking sachet
water. Water is pumped from underground by the means of piper into a temporary
storage tank.
Water
is then pumped from the temporary storage tank into the sand carnister, the
sand serve as a filter medium. This helps filter out debris.
From
the sand carnister water is then pumped into the carbon carnister, the carbon
helps remove odour, and taste from the water.
The Corrosex
This
chemical helps neutralize the acidic nature of the water reduces water
hardness. The water is then pumped through the various micro filters this is to
help remove possible microorganisms that have escaped previous filtration
tanks.
From
the microfilter water is pumped into the ultraviolet irradiation unit this
helps ensure the destruction of the nucleic acid of possible microbes
(microorganisms) that are present.
Water
having passed through all these filtration processes is certified safer for
consumption, is then pumped directly to the packaging machine where the
finished packaged product is ready for supply.
Step
viii
QUALITY CONTROL
These
are measures put in place to ensure that the product conforms to standard
specifications. This section is very sensitive as consumers can easily reject
products if they do not measure up to standard and workers must be clean and
health conscious to avoid possible contamination during packaging.
There
are specifications or standard from NAFDAC, Government under government we have
ministry of health and environment. All these par status help in carrying out
test to ascertain the safety of the drinking water. NAFDAC after carrying out
the test on water with wither reject or accept the water. The ministry
environment help ensures that the environment under which the production
process is carried out is safe.
STEP VIII
FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT
The
sum of three million, five hundred thousand naira (N3, 500,000) is estimated to
fully executive the project and would be financial as follows;
Contribution
Personal
savings N1, 000,000
Family
members N1, 500,000
Bank N1,
000,000
Total N3, 500, 00
Project cost
|
Description
|
Unit
|
Amount
|
|
1. Land and
building
Ø Acquisition
of land
Ø Building
Ø Sinking of
borehole
|
|
500,000
1,000,00
100,000
1,600,000
|
|
2.
Plant and machinery
Ø Delivery van
Ø Power
generator
Ø Carbon
carnister
Ø Sand
carnister
Ø Corrosex
Ø Rows of
ploytene
Ø Microfitters
Ø Ultravoild
radiation
Ø Machine
Ø Factory fan
Ø Electrification
|
|
700,000
110,000
85,000
50,000
55,000
50,000
50,000
19,000
50,000
1,219,000
|
|
3.
Essential
Services/expenses
§ Fixtures,
furniture and fittings
§ Expenses
(product registration etc)
§ Working
capital
|
|
166,000
300,00
586,000
|
|
4.
Development cost
ü Business
registration
ü Feasibility
study
ü NAFDAC
clearance
ü Ministry of
healthy clearance
ü Ministry of
environment
Cost
of Project
|
|
95,000
N3,500,000
|
Estimated
sales volume (year one)
Price
per bag = N60
Daily
output = N500 bags per day
Monthly
output = 500 x 20 days = 10,000
Yearly
(Annually) = 10,000 x 12 = 120,000
|
|
Year 1
|
Year 2
|
Year 3
|
Year 4
|
Year 5
|
|
Quantity (bags)
|
120,000
|
124,800
|
127,200
|
132,000
|
132,000
|
|
Unit Price
|
N60
|
N65
|
N65
|
N75
|
N75
|
|
Sales Revenue
|
7,200,000
|
8,112,000
|
8,268,000
|
9,240,000
|
9,900,000
|
Staff Salaries and Wages
|
|
Year 1
|
Year 2
|
Year 3
|
Year 4
|
Year 5
|
|
1Gen Manager
|
180,000
|
190,000
|
195,000
|
196,000
|
200,000
|
|
1 production manager
|
144,000
|
154,000
|
159,000
|
160,000
|
164,000
|
|
1 Account
|
126,000
|
136,000
|
141,000
|
142,000
|
146,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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