IMPACT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCT SCARCITY ON THE CAPACITY UTILIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE NIGERIA LIMITED)
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IMPACT OF
PETROLEUM PRODUCT SCARCITY ON THE CAPACITY UTILIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF EMENITE
NIGERIA LIMITED)
TABLE OF
CONTENT
Title page
Approval
page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of con
tent
List of
table
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction
1.1
Background
1.2 statement
of the problem
1.3
objective purpose of the study
1.4 scope of
the study
1.5 research
questions
1.6
significance of the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review
of related literature
2.1
Historical perspective of the oil industry development in Nigeria
2.2 The
beginning of petroleum product scarcity in Nigeria
2.3
Petroleum products requirement and in Nigeria
2.4 Causes
of petroleum product scarcity
2.5 The role
of government its agencies and other organizations in ensuring availability of
petroleum product in Nigeria
2.6 Overview
of companies in Nigeria
2.7 The
concept of capacity utilization
2.8 The
impact of petroleum product scarcity on capacity utilization of companies
2.9 Summary
of the review literature
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
Methodology
3.1 RESEARCH
DESIGN
3.2 Area of
the study
3.3
Population of the study
3.4 Sample
and sampling procedure
3.5
Instrument for data collection
3.6
Validation of the instrument
3.7
Reliability of the instrument
3.8 Method
of data collection
3.9 Method
of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data
presentation and results and summary of result
4.1
presentation and analysis of data
4.2 Analysis
of data
4.3 Summary
of result
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
Discussion implication and recommendation
5.1
discussion of result / findings
5.2
conclusion
5.3
implication of the study
5.4
recommendations
5.5
suggestion for further research
5.6
limitation of the study
Reference
Appendix
LIST OF
TABLE
4.1 Response
rate of the Distributed Questionnaires
4.2
Demographic Characteristics of the respondents
4.3 Distribution
of respondents by Age group
4.4
Distribution of respondents y educational qualification
4.5
Distribution of respondents by number of years worked in the organization
4.6 Effects
of constrains on the Availability of petroleum products
4.7 Problems
militating against the availability of petroleum products.
4.8
Identifying the impact of petroleum products scarcity on the capacity
utilization of EMENITE Nigeria limited
4.9
Evaluating the role played by government and its agencies to Ensure the Availability
of the products
ABSTRACT
The topic of
this project report is impact of petroleum product scarcity on capacity
utilization. A case study of Emenite Nigeria limited.
The purpose
of the study is to identify the impact of petroleum products scarcity on the
capacity of utilization of Emenite Nig. Ltd.
In carrying
out this study the researcher will adopt the survey and historical researcher
methods. This will enable researcher to access and sample size as well as
review of existing literature on the topic. It will also afford the researcher
the opportunity to source data from respondents through interviews
administration of questionnaires and visit to libraries to review the existing
for literature from books periodicals magazines etc.
Answers
would be sought to the formulated research questions and the positive
hypothesis tested. The research report would be broken down into five chapters.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Prior to the
discovery of oil in Nigeria in 1956 by shell B.P, coal was the primary source
of energy. Oil exploration in Nigeria stated as far back as (1908) although the
discovery of minerals was reported the earlier in 1903.
According to
Ofurhie (2000;6) the petroleum industry in Nigeria dates back to 1956 when
shall D, Archy now shell petroleum development company of Nigeria discovered
oil commercial quantities of Oloibiri the present Bayelsa state in 1958.
However,
Nigeria national petroleum corporation (NNPC) (1990;2-3) reported that over 12
million barrels of oil was produced in Nigeria all from the Nigeria Basin are,
production was increased from a mere 5.000 barrels per day in 1966; The report
stated that the increase was through slowed down by the civil war by 1970 daily
production level of 2 million barrels per day had been achieved.
In 1965 when
Nigeria first petroleum refinery was established in Port Harcourt by shell and
the British petroleum (BP) petroleum products used in the country was imported. The supply of the
imported petroleum products all over the country was through multination also
like shell ESSO, B P among others before the commissioning of the old Port
Harcourt refinery in1966. The old port Harcourt refinery was damaged during
civil war and the marketers and consumers of
petroleum products in Nigeria in depended on external sources without
experiencing serious shortages (pipelined products marketing company PPMC 1993
a = 1 )
Recently the
marketing companies are supplied most of the products by the Nigeria national
petroleum corporation (NNPC) subsiding company pipeline and products marketing
company limited (PPMC) that is responsible for the primary distribution of
petroleum products in Nigeria.
The
importance of petroleum products in Nigeria can be fully appreciated when
viewed against the dominant role of the use of the products especially in the
manufacturing section and revenues generating from the marketing of the
products play in the economy.
Ose (2000;)
suggested that apart from contributing the revenues of over 90%of the aggregate
of the nations export earnings the productive and social activities in the
domestic and industrial sectors of the Nigeria economy many grind to a halt,
without revenues and benefits accruing to the nation from sales and energy
supply from petroleum products usage.
Since oil
revenues and domestic energy consumption took center stage in the nation’s
economy government interest in the up stream and down stream sectors of the oil
industry have increased tremendously over the years.
The
erstwhile department of petroleum resources in the ministry of mines and power
in 1970 handles government’s interest in the oil industry. The them Nigeria
nation oil corporation (NND) which transformed into Nigerian national petroleum
corporation (NNPC) was formed in 1971 primarily to market crude oil and
supervise all oil operations in the country.
According to
PPMC Aronimic (1994)28) it was in 1988 in major reorganization of NNPC that the
government established the pipelines and products marketing company (PPMC) as
one of it’s eleven subsidiaries. It was charged with the sole responsibility of
ensuring efficient distribution and timely availability of reformed products
across the country.
Despite the
establishment of PPMC and the high volume of oil production in Nigeria there
have been intermittent scar city of petroleum products and its attendant
adverse effects on the economy especially in the industrial sector where large
volumes of these products are consumed.
PPMC
Aronimic (1995: 45) reported that a total of 100, 656, 381barrelsof crude oil
to be was received in 1994 from local consumption out of a planned 109,500.00
barrels expected to be consumed leading to a short fall of 8,843, 6519 barrels.
Also out of the 19583, 869 metric barrels
(tones) of refined product expected from the refineries only 7,853, 304
metric tones reforesting 41% were products out of the targeted local
consumption output. To achieve this the refineries processed 7,998,428 metric
tones of crude oil 1.e (60,388,131)
barrels representing (55.5%) in order to augment the shortfall in the
refineries output, the company (PPMC) spent the sum of USD 543.5 million to
import 2, 850, 800 metric tones of various petroleum products.
However
there is apparent shortfall in quality of petroleum products available for
industrial usage and most industrial concerns in Nigeria involved in
manufacturing solely on one form of refined petroleum products or the other for
their operations infect most heavy and
light industry power generating sets are run mainly by these petroleum
products. The resultant negative effect of the scarcity of the products have
led to the malfunctioning of these industry equipment which resulted in low
productivity low capacity utilization and down ward turn on the over all
economy and industrial performance in Emenite Nigeria limited.
The failure
of the oil refineries in the country and the electricity generating and
distribution system occurred due to lack of commitment to maintenance culture
(MAN; 1998: P).
The domestic
capacity constraint has curtailed the
limit of achievement in local raw material souring and employment generation.
The
researcher therefore decided to investigate and study the problem associated
with petroleum product scarcity on the capacity utilization of companies. A
case study of Emenite Nigeria limited.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The rapid
decrease in the economic activities in the country resulted by the shortage of
petroleum products which was reflected in an accentuated economic recession.
The across domestic product (GDP) productivity reduction in industrial capacity
utilization and discourage inventory building up expectedly the unemployment
problem became more explosive increasing poverty situation profits and
investments for expansion diminished.
Further more
the collapse of the oil refineries randomisation’s of oil pipeline sharp
practices in the distribution net work lack of maintenance culture all these
gave rise to the acute shortage of products and consequently resulted in under
capacity utilization of Emenite Nig ltd.
Moreover
it’s necessary for Emenite Nig. LTD to provide for alternative source of power
through the purchase of generating sets and plants which are run by the consumption
of Automotive Gas oil (AGO) and premium motor spirit (PMS). Also most plants on
these factories use one from of lubricating oil or the order for it to function
at all. But the scarcity of these products causes the machines to be out of use
with its attendant problems. These problems, which the researcher seeks to find
answers to.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The specific
purpose of the study includes:
To identify
the problem militating against the availability of petroleum products in
Emenite factory.
To identify
the impact of petroleum products scarcity on the capacity utilization of
companies: The case of Emenite Nigeria
limited.
To evaluate
the role played by government and its agencies to ensure availability of
petroleum products.
To make
suggestion and recommendations based on the data generated by this study.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study
covers the impact of petroleum products scarcity on capacity utilization of
companies. A case study of Emenite Nigeria limited Enugu. It does not cover
other factories in the country.
Although the
areas of coverage are Emenite Nig Ltd, its findings are the overall national
view of the impact of petroleum products scarcity on capacity utilization of
companies in Nigeria.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The critical
appraisal seeks to give answer to the following questions
What makes
you think that Emenite Nig Ltd, failed to meet the desired capacity utilization
inspire of measures by government to boost the industrial sector.
To what
extent does the non-availability f petroleum product affect the capacity
utilization of Emenite Nig Ltd
What are the
role of government and its agencies in helping to ensure availability of
petroleum products?
What should
be done to ameliorate the problems of scarcity of petroleum products in order
to improve capacity utilization with the industry sector?
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study
very important in much respect
Moreover the
oil sector is a key player in the Nigeria economy. In that regard anything that
affects its in variable touches every sector. Therefore to the manufactures
it’s of great interest to know possible solution to the persistent and
intermittent supply of the petroleum products as a means of enhancing their
capacity utilization profit level and output.
Furthermore,
since the manufacturing industries especially Emenite Nigeria Limited are major
source of employment apart from the public sector and also contributes product
in the economy for these reasons it is of immense important to government and
society at large.
For
researcher the study will provide useful materials for researchers who may wish
to deve into the study in the future for policy makes the study in formulations
modify and even streamline existing government policies which will help solve
or of least reduces the problems facing petroleum products consumers operations
and government in its determination to achieve regular supply and availability
of petroleum products.
Finally the
study will also help government achieve its target for the industry sector
increase put level which will generate more employment opportunities in the
industry.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
For the
purpose of the study the following terms used defined in the context in which
they were used.
M.S it is
known as premiums major spirit or alternatively petrol
MARKETER:- a
company licensed by the department of petroleum resource operating under
pipelines and product marketing company of
NNPC to market and distribute
petroleum
NNPC :
Nigeria national petroleum corporation
MAN:
manufacturers association of Nigeria
AGO:
automobile Gasoline oil literally called diesel used by have duty truck
engines.
DPK: dual
purpose kerosene used for domestic cooking and aviation flue and other industry
uses.
NEPA:
national electrical power authority
GDP: Gross
domestic product
NNOC:
Nigeria national oil corporation
PPMC:
pipeline and product marketing company.
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