THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION (MECHANIZATION) ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE NIGERIA ECONOMY.
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THE IMPACT OF
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION (MECHANIZATION) ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE
NIGERIA ECONOMY.
ABSTRACT
This study
focused on the impact of technological innovation (mechanization) in the
agricultural sector of the Nigerian economy. The importance of agriculture to
the Nigerian economy was examined and mechanization application was introduced
to further improve the Nigerian agriculture sector. Data for this work are from
interviews, secondary data and the main sources are from federal office of
statistics, rivers state, agricultural development programme (ADP) River State,
central bank of Nigeria, World Bank library Rivers State, and CBN bulletin
Nigeria. A simple statistical tool, the bar chart and spearman’s rank
correlation coefficient regression was used to analyze the data collected in
the course of this study. We found out that with mechanization of agriculture,
there was a tremendous success in agricultures contribution to GDP. The oil
sector which is now the sole provider of revenue to finance economic growth and
development can be aided by the help of agriculture to increase and stimulate
development at a faster rate. From agriculture we get food, clothing, shelter,
export earnings, labour and employment. This study reveals the importance of
mechanization to the agricultural sector of the economy and the need to help
local farmers who are the major cultivators of food for the society with this,
poverty incidence will be eradicated. This study therefore asserts that there
is a negative relationship between agriculture annual contributions to the
gross domestic product of the economy. In conclusion, certain recommendation
was made by the research to both the government and other researchers not to
relent in their activities towards developing Nigeria.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
Certification i
Dedication ii
Acknowledgement iii
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Background
of study 3
1.2 Statement
of problem 5
1.3 Objective
of study 6
1.4 Method
of study 7
1.5 Scope
and limitation 7
1.6 Significance
of study 8
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 Literature
review/theoretical background 9
2.1 Definition
of key concepts 12
2.2 The performance of agriculture sector pre-Sap
Era (1970-1985)
14
2.3 The
Sap Era (1986-1993) 15
2.4 Era
of guided deregulation (1994-1999) 18
2.5 Relevance
of technological inputs in Nigeria agriculture 20
CHAPTER THREE; RESEARCH METHOD AND THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND
3.0 Introduction 23
3.1 Aim
of study 26
3.2 Sources
of data 26
3.3 Sampling
method and size 27
3.4 Method
of data collection 27
3.5 Method
of analyzing the data 27
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 Presentation
and analysis of data 29
4.1 Annual total gross domestic production (GDP)
and annual growth rate of agriculture’s contribution to GDP 30
4.2 Percentage share of agriculture to total GDP
30 graphically represented 31
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Summary 34
5.2 Conclusion 37
5.3 Suggestion 37
5.3.1 Suggestion for policy 38
5.3.2 Suggestion for further studies 38
Bibliography 47
Appendix I 49
Appendix II 50
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Nigeria was essentially an agrarian economy
with agriculture accounting for significant shares in gross domestic product
and total export earnings as well as employing about 60-70% of total population
in West Africa, also providing the bulk of labour force before the oil boom.
Agriculture
is the science and art of planting of crops and rearing of animals for man’s
use. It covers all crops and animals which are used directly or indirectly for
food, building, ornaments, and clothing and together with the various
implements used in agricultural practices. It covers the combination of all
both environmental factors which include temperature, rainfall, and nature of
soil human include the inputs such as capital, technology and labour.
Much
has written about agriculture. This great attention that was and still focused
on agriculture is due to its importance in the past and at present in the whole
world.
All
over the world, agriculture has provided the initial phase for all forms of
human development.
According
to Davis Fogg agriculture is the economic main stay of nearly all
underdeveloped countries. It provides employment for people, revenue and export
earnings for industries, food for the people.
In
time past agriculture contribution with regards employment was significant
particularly in Nigeria and less developed countries of the world. Michael
Todaro says that almost 70 percent of the world poorest people who form more
than 50 percent of the world population are concerned with survival like in the
rural areas where they engage in subsistence agriculture.
Nigeria
is endowed with abundant natural resources these include large expense of
fertile land that can support all type of crops.
According
to Todaro’s view he says that the greatest part of Africa’s population probably
7 out of every 10 adults live directly off land either by cultivating the soil
or by rearing of animals.
Agriculture
is one of the real sectors that have the highest potential for achieving a
broad-based economy, with the agricultural economist deciding and giving advice
to agricultural on what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.
In
time past with agriculture providing food money, raw materials for industries
shows that with agriculture, Nigeria has a high potential of becoming a great
nation in this millennium if agriculture as a sector is revisited and given
adequate attention.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
The
background of this study deals with agricultural innovations in Nigeria both
past and present. And the importance of mechanization in the development and
growth of the Nigeria economy.
Agriculture
has been defined as the art and practice of production or planting of crops and
rearing of animals for human’s consumption and use. Longman’s dictionary of
contemporary English defines innovations as new ways, ideas or methods. To
innovate is to start to use new ideals, methods, and equipment in the art and
practice of production in agriculture and then looking into the techniques or
methods used in time past.
However,
agricultural techniques or method in agricultural production and application,
in this course of study involves specifically and inclusively the type of
equipment and machines used in crop production.
The
concept, technological innovation used here is scientific application of
mechanization in the use of machines; crop planters and the changes or
employment of new methods ideas to the art and practice of crop production to
traditional agriculture. Alongside this research includes the combination and
interaction of natural, biological and man-made factors such as plants and
animals soil and climate, labour and capital and technology for the production
of crops and animals for man’s use.
The
agricultural sector of the Nigerian economy as important as it is deals more in
traditional agriculture and it is dominated by rural farmers who practice
subsistence agriculture. For the purpose of this research; the search into the
economic importance of mechanization in agriculture, the maize crop is used as
an example of a crop in production.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Specifically
with regards to the choice of agricultural old innovation and techniques used
by local farmers.
The
research problem covers the following,
1. Is the
choice of agricultural techniques determined by available technologies?
2. Is the
farmers’ income and standard of living affected by the choice of a specific
agricultural techniques or method?
3. Does
the type of agriculture application used in production result in stagnation and
non-expansion of agriculture?
4. How
total output of agriculture affect the national economy.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
This
research work tends to examine the impact of mechanization of agriculture and
its importance of the Nigeria economy.
The
research covers the following;
1. The type
of agricultural methods and equipment used in crop production and problems
associated with it.
2. The
economic importance of employing new innovation and mechanization.
3. Recent
trend to change from traditional to innovative technological agricultural
techniques.
4. Future
prospects to charge and employing innovations.
1.4 METHOD OF STUDY
The
method of study is discussed here. It describes the survey and analytical
techniques adopted in this study; it explains the questions of how the research
is carried out in terms of gaining a description of the nature of research,
type and source of data model specification.
TYPE OF DATA
The
type of data used in this research is primary (interview) and secondary data.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The
scope of this work covers the annual growth rate of agriculture between the
years 1981-1990.
It
also coves the percentage share of agriculture contribution, to Nigeria annual
GPD (gross domestic product) for the years 1981-1990.
Limitations
faced in this work include financial and transport problems.
Another
limitation encountered in this work is the unavailability of relevant and
correct data needed to verify the work.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This
research work will expose to the general public on the importance of
mechanization on agriculture and its implementation on agriculture as a source
of revenue generation in the increase in gross domestic product and gross
annual growth rate on the Nigeria economy. It shows how income, employment,
labour and revenue generated can increase the development rate of the nation.
Finally,
the government or policy makers will find the various inputs, suggestions and
recommendation valuable in making future policy formation and implementation.
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