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EFFECTIVE
WAYS OF CONTROLLING EROSION IN A BUILDING SITE IN SELECTED SITES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The development of soil erosion began when man
settled down and started turning pasture land into farmland. The intensive
exploitation of the land disturbed the natural soil vegetative cover and
exposed its, surface to the effect of erosive agents and to introduce such forms
of agriculture that did not destroy the land the devastation of land by erosion
often led to the down fall of civilization e.g in Mesopotamia Syria, China and
else where.
According to
Robert. M. (1984), Erosion is manifested by the determination of soil surface
effected by exogenous forces, especially water. Ice wind and, man as the
significant anthropogenic factor. The disturbance of soil surface is
accompanied by the removal of the detached soil particles by the force of
kinetic energy of some of the erosion agents, namely water and wind and the
deposition of this matter with a decrease in this energy. Erosion is caused by
surface num off and result complex natural process. Water erosion is caused by
precipitation. Areas with a low precipitation usually have a small surface num
off because precipitation water infiltrates into the soil is consumed by
vegetation erosion which may also be broadly cause by a natural factor organ.
It can also
be carried by improper channeling neglect of natural sewage systems and
obstruction of naturally sewage by buildings. Form land and other unplanned
structure causes a great deal of damage.
Although the
nature of soil within the area under consideration is mostly sandy with a very
low water storage capabilities. Practical observation orchestrated form visit
to those site prone to erosion have shown that their may be possibility of
erosion if the nun off water is not properly channel e.g the nature of the
soil. In sandy soil they can form a very good soil material but danger exist if
the water table is near or surface nun off is not adequately channeled. The
sandy easily eroded a way from it position their by causing or may lead to
fully erosion.
Furthermore,
erosion is seen as one of the most serious defects in contemporary residential
buildings, it is observed here that apart form it causing rapid destruction of
structure / buildings, it also result to severe damage to the soil and in
severe case it adversely affect the health of the occupants.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A certain
condition or factor can make a soil or structure / building to loose their
Sharpe effectively or ineffectively attain their maximum structural physical
and economic life span. It has been seen that a number of fact observed to be
responsible for the in-adequate or in-appropriate functioning channeling of
sewage surface nun off water at the due time. These in turn expose the building
site to the danger of erosion which accelerate their dilapidation. Among the
factors or improper channeling / neglect of natural sewage system and
obstruction of natural sewage by building without following the local
authorities rules dropping of refuse in the drainage ways. Erosion plays a
critical role in dilapidation of building and visible in construction industry
as one of the most serious defect in contemporary residential buildings. All
soils can suffer erosion but some are more vulnerable than others. Soils with
dispersible subsoils, for example, are subject to serious erosion by funneling
and gully formation.
1.3 RESEARCH AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
The major
purpose of this study is to determine. The effective way of controlling erosion
in a construction site prone to erosion problem.
1) Identity the various causes of erosion in
building sites.
2) Examine the appropriate materials and
(new and old) used in controlling the erosion.
3) Determine the most appropriate materials
and techniques required for the controlling it.
4) To recommend measure if implemented will
lead to effective control of erosion in a construction
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The study
sought to answer the following research questions
1) What are nature and various causes of
erosion in building sites
2) What are the process to be applied in
erosion control.
3)
What are the various types of
materials to be used in controlling erosion
4) If implemented will lead to effective
control of erosion in an erosion prone site
1.5
SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this study shall include the follow:
1) Contractors and engineers shall know how
to control erosion in an erosion prone site.
2) The engineers and the general public will
because more aware on the importance of erosion control in a site.
3) Lecturers, students consultants and other
stakeholders in the construction industry will be theoretically &
technically equipped on how to control erosion in an erosion prone construction
site.
1.6 STUDY OF AREA
This study
was delimited to the problem of erosion in a site prone to erosion. It focused
on the type and magnitude of erosion at site in Anambra state and also looked
at the specific remedial techniques to that building site will function
effectively and efficiently. Attempt should be made to look into laboratory
experimentation of the material used for effective control of erosion in
building site prone to erosion. Ekwulobia erosion is gully erosion-gully
erosion is of concern due to periodically intense rainfall and a large average
of erodible soils. Effective design of gully control system must consider the
gully network as a whole and be based on geomorphologic indicators such as type
of network, order and stage of development.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
According to
Grolie (1990). Erosion is the wearing away of the earth surface by the action
of water.
According to
Milos Holy (1987). Building is permanent or temporary structure enclosed within
exterior walls and a roof and including all attached apparatus. Equipment and
fixtures that cannot be removed without cutting into ceiling floors or walls.
In the year 1960 Bernard Huss define soil as the top layer of the earths
surface in which plants an grow consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed
with decayed organic matter and having the capability of retaining water.
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