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EVALUATING
THE BENEFITS OF THE HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY ON THE SOCIO ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Tourism is a
rapidly growing phenomenon and has become one of the largest industries in the
world. The impact of tourism varies extremely. On one hand, it plays an
important and certainly positive role in the socio economic and political
development in destination countries by, for instance, offering new employment
opportunities. Also, in certain instances, it may contribute to a broader
cultural and understanding by creating awareness, respecting the diversity of
cultures and ways of life. On the other hand, it is a tool to create jobs.
Tourism has been a major driver of socio-economic development in Western
society; it is an alternative strategy for sustainability and diversification
of economy for important policy of a good government.
Perception
is a mental process in which an individual chooses, organizes and interprets a
stimulant as a mean-ngful and distinctive picture of the world (Awaritefe,
2003). Studies such as Awaritefe (2004) related to environmental perception,
image and preferences in tourism differ in terms of scale. Tourism literature
such as Awaritefe (2017) argues that the mental images of actual tourists and
potential tourists concerning resorts are crucial in their decision-making
process. He added that tourism and recreational development in Nigeria is faced
with serious challenges and setbacks.
In recent
times, tourism is one of the largest industries that have contributed to the
socio-economic growth of many countries especially countries where tourism is
the mainstay of her economy, World Tourism Organization (WTO, 1998; cited in
Ejaetal, 2012 and Ojo, 2014). Despite the fact that that industry is a vehicle
for promoting cultural exchange that enhances international understanding and
goodwill among the diverse peoples of the world, it is also a catalyst for
enhancing many country destination employment opportunities, foreign exchange
and infrastructural facilities (ESCAP, 2002; cited in Eja, et al, 2012).
The
development of tourism as a critical sector of the economy has gradually
assumed a centre stage in the economic agenda of most nations of the world. In
the past few decades, international attention on tourism as a critical sector
of the economy has greatly increased. This is in view of its capacity to
quickly stimulate income growth, generate foreign exchange and contribute to
domestic earnings of government through fees and taxes (Vanguard Newspaper,
June 24, 2011). The interest in tourism by the Nigeria’s government started way
back in the 1960s with the Obasanjo’s regime in 1976 establishing the Nigeria
Tourism Board (NTB) now Nigeria Tourism Development Corporation (NTDC) via
Decree No. 54 of 1976 reviewed to Decree No. 86 of 1991 and giving it a
‘preferred sector’ status respectively. Master Plan on tourism development in
Nigeria started in 1982 with a tourism development policy first rolled out in
1990. To further consolidate the quest for quality service delivery in the
tourism industry, the government created the Federal Ministry of Tourism and
Culture to actualize the dream of catching up with the global train in tourism
development (Munzali, 2011).
Tourism has
always been regarded as a means of economic modernization, but has not been
seriously considered as a means of social and cultural modernization. The
concept of socio-economic modernization emphasizes improvements in various
indicators, including improvement in living conditions and the quality of life
and well-being of populations (Owan, 2012).According to Boo (1992), tourism has
recently been assumed as the world largest employer of labour and most safe of
all the industries with regards to atmospheric pollution. Tourism has been
describe by Cross (1998) as an industry of globalization which has witnessed
people of different nations. As this happens, new friendships are established,
interpretation of cultural differences resulting in greater tolerance occur,
and global diversities are better appreciated and understood. Thus, the
emergence of a synthetic global culture has been largely predicted since 1956
to become a reality (UNESCO, 2007).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Although
tourism plays an important role in the economy of some countries, tourism in
Africa continent is yet to reach its full economic maturity (Nwosu, 2002). It
has been observed that tourism in Nigeria still suffers from neglect because
the local, state and federal governments of Nigeria are still indifferent to
tourism development despite the preferred status accorded the accorded the
sector (Edun, 2009). Based on this, Nigeria as a country has several potentials
that have not been given attention.
Onicha-ugbo
town is a state in the country endowed with avast land of tourist attraction
which visitors will find it trigging and captivating. According to Ayodele
(2002), resources such as beautiful climate with good sunshine, pleasant beach
fronts, cultural values and historic potentials abound; but for varied reasons,
these potentials are neither fully exploited nor turned to good advantage.
Various tourist attractions and most species of flora and fauna adapted to the
state are threatened not withstanding their economic importance. Few of these
sites have only being are creation center with array of flora, fauna and
tourism features that have being neglected; while most are yet to be discovered
and developed.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main
objective of the study is to assess the benefit of hospitality and tourism
industry in the socio-economic development in Onicha-ugbo Town. Specific
objectives of the study are:
To explore
tourism potentials in Onicha-ugbo Town..
To examine
the challenges facing hospitality and tourism industry in Onicha-ugbo Town.
To assess
the socio-economic impact of hospitality and tourism industry in Onicha-ugbo
Town.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In-order to
guide the study and achieve stated objectives above, the following research
questions were formulated for the study:
What are the
tourism potentials of Onicha-ugbo Town, Delta State
What are the
challenges facing the hospitality and tourism industry Onicha-ugbo Town, Delta
State?
3. What is the socio-economic impact of
hospitality and tourism Onicha-ugbo Town, Delta State
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Ho: There is
no significant impact of hospitality and tourism on the socio- economic development in Onicha-ugbo Town,
Delta State
H1: There is a significant impact of
hospitality and tourism on the socio-
economic development of in Onicha-ugbo Town, Delta State.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Nigeria as a
nation is endowed with both natural and material resources that can be
harnessed to aid the economic development of the country by providing revenue
and foreign exchange. Tourism plays significant roles in socioeconomic
development of many nations if properly managed and harnessed.
This paper
brings to light the tourism potentials in Onicha-ugbo Town, Delta State,
challenges and impact of hospitality and tourism on the socio-economic
development Onicha-ugbo Town, Delta State. The paper will aid policy makers in
various institutions and machineries of government to take informed decisions
on matters concerning hospitality and tourism in the state.
The paper
will also serve as a foundation for other student researchers who have interest
in furthering their research studies on the subject matter.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study
will cover the benefits of hospitality and tourism in Onicha-ugbo Town, Delta
State from 2005-2015. The ministry of Culture and Tourism will serve as the
case study for the study.
1.8 STUDY AREA
The study
area (Onicha-ugbo) is located in the Delta North Senatorial District, Delta
State in the Niger Delta Region and the South-South Geo-political zone of
Nigeria.
1.8.1
Location and Size
Onicha-ugbo
covers an area of 189km2 (73mile2). It lies between the geographical coordinate
of latitudes 060 251 0511N and longitudes 060 301 0511E of the Greenwich
meridian. Onicha-ugbo is located in the South-South Geopolitical zone of
Nigeria and in the Niger Delta Region. Onicha-ugbo is one of the biggest cities
in Delta State which developed into a metropolis. It is found in Oshimili South
Local Government Area of Delta State. Neighbourhoods in Onicha-ugbo include;
Okwe Community, Onitsha, Igodo, Ogwashi-Uku, Anwai, Illah, Onicha-Olona,
Onicha-Ugbo, Ubulu-Uku, and a host of others.
Geographically,
Onicha-ugbo is located in the North-West region of Delta State and falls under
the Delta-North Senatorial District. Onicha-ugbo is bordered in the North by
Oshimili North Local Government Area, in the West by Aniocha South Local
Government Area, in the East by Onitsha South Local Government Area of Anambra
State and in the South by Ndokwa East Local Government Area of Delta State.
Onicha-ugbo shares borders linguistically in the West with Aniocha language
speakers, in the East with the Igbo Speaking group, in the North with the
Oshimili Speakers and in the South with the Ukwani speakers. The dialect which
belongs to the Igbo group is among one of the major ethnic groups in Delta
State and Nigeria at large.
Onicha-ugbo
as an rural area has experienced a rapid increase in size over the years, due
to the presence of various administrative offices and governmental functions it
performs both as the administrative headquarters of Aniocha North Local
Government Area of Delta State where the Council Secretariat is situated along
Onicha-ugbo expressway. This is also as a result of the presence of the
international airport in the area. This attracts people from surrounding area,
to itself, because of its employment opportunities thus resulting in
over-crowding, increased demand for land basically meant for agricultural
purpose leading to shortage of land for farm practices. This affects the
socio-economic activities development in Onicha-ugbo.
The
implication of these increase in size, is that it has led to population
explosion in urban areas of Onicha-ugbo which has in turn resulted in the
development of its surrounding rural areas both in expansion and
infrastructural development due to urban expansion. This has in turn had an
adverse effect on the inhabitants of Onicha-ugbo and its environs especially on
their socio-economic activities.
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