AN EVALUATION OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMME ON POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA A CASE STUDY OF NAPEP.
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AN EVALUATION OF THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT PROGRAMME ON POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA
A CASE STUDY OF NAPEP.
ABSTRACT
Poverty goes beyond
lack minimally adequate income. It is the denial to opportunities and choices
that are most basic to development. Improving the overall quality of life of
Nigerians, particularly the poor, by enlarging their choices and opportunities is
at the heart of UNDP work. At the policy level, UNDP supports policy analysis
and dialogue with partners in charge of macro, sectoral and thematic
development strategies that integrated poverty reduction as the central piece
of any meaningful development programme. The major objective of this study is
to analyze the efforts put in so far, in national poverty eradication programme
in Nigeria.
LIST
OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
CHAPTER
ONE: BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Historical
background 4
1.2 Statement
of problem 6
1.3 Objective
of the study 7
1.4 Research
questions 7
1.5 Research
hypothesis 7
1.6 Method of
the study 8
1.7 Significance
of the study 8
1.8 Scope of
the study 8
1.9 Organization
of the study 10
CHAPTER
TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
2.0 Introduction 11
2.1 Characteristics
of the poor 12
2.2 Economic
causes of poverty 13
2.3 Target set
for the schemes 14
2.4 Policy direction 15
CHAPTER
THREE: METHOD OF STUDY
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 The major
highlights 29
3.3 The role
of major partners 31
3.4 The role
of UNDP in poverty eradication 33
CHAPTER
FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Questionnaire
analysis 43
4.2 Hypothesis
testing of performance 46
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1 general
summary of the study 47
5.2 conclusion 48
5.3 recommendation 49
Bibliography 52
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Nigeria
exhibits most the common characteristics of low-income development countries.
It is primarily rural, depends on primary product exports, has high population
growth suffers from widespread poverty and rising unemployment and must deal
with tribal and ethnic conflicts. It is located on the west coast of the African
continent and is bounded on the south by the Gulf of Guinea, on the east by
Cameroon and Chad, on the north by Niger, and on the west by Benin. The most
populous country in Africa, Nigeria accounts for one in five of sub-Saharan
Africa’s people. Although fewer than 16% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, at
least 24 cities have population of more than 100,000.
The
varies of customers, languages and traditions among Nigeria’s 250 ethnic groups
give the country a rich diversity.
Nigeria
was granted full independence from Britain on October 1, 1960 as a federation
of three regions (Northern, Western, and Eastern) and 36 states under a
constitution that provide for a parliamentary form of government. From the
onset, Nigeria experience ethnic, regional and religious tensions, magnified by
the significant disparities in economic and educational development between the
south and the north.
The
Nigerian economy underwent profound changes during the 1970’s and 1980’s. once
an agriculturally based economy and a major exporter of cocoa, peanuts and palm
products, Nigeria now relies on oil for more than 90% of its export earnings,
0% of its GDP, and 70% of its federal budget resources. However a combination
of declining oil prices, overly ambitious industrialization programms, neglect
of the agricultural sector, excessive, foreign borrowing and widespread
economic corruption and mismanagement during those decades caused the Nigeria
economy to experience a prolonged period of economic stagnation and decline.
Prior
to the oil boom of the 1970’s Nigeria was one of the poorest and least
economically developed countries. It has a per capital GNP of only $90 in 1968.
But with the oil boom of the 1970’s and the discovery of large new deposits,
Nigeria embarked on a decade of rapid economic expansion and major structural
transformation. Between 1968 and 1980, per capital GNP grew by more than 1,000%
to $1,020. But this growth process was reduced in the 1980’s so that by 1994
GNP per capital had declined by more than 70% to $240, the same level as in
1972.
With
largest population in Africa (over 143 million in 2006) and a current growth
rate of almost 3% per annual, Nigeria add about 3.7 million people every year.
If population growth is not reduced, Nigeria will have a population in excess
of 150million by the year 2010 and 200million by 2025.
Significantly,
the oil boom and the consequent neglect of agriculture in the 1970’s and early
1980’s caused a massive movement of people from rural to urban centres and a
major problem of high urban unemployment.
Because
of several economic disparities the federal government of Chief Olsegun
Obasanjo had to introduce a body known as the National poverty eradication
programme (NAPEP) it was established in 2001 to address the challenges of
poverty in Nigeria.
The
programme serves as the secretariat of the formulation of policies on poverty
in the country. NAPEP is composed of four schemes, which are to be implemented
by ministries, parastatalsa and agencies of the federal government in close
collaboration with state, local government and communities in a bottoms-up
approach. The financial institutions, the organized private sector, NGO’s CBO’s
and traditional rulers, will also participate. Dr Magnus Kpakol is the national
coordinator of National poverty eradication programme (NAPEP).
An
important objective of NAPEP is to help eradicate extreme poverty by the year
2010, generally in line with the united nations millennium development goal
(MDG) of having the proportion of people living in poverty by the year 2015.
The
programme implements policies on poverty eradication as formulated by NAPEC and
monitors and coordinates all poverty reduction efforts at the federal, state
and local government levels. It has offices in every state and local government
area throughout the federation.
In
order to achieve its objective NAPEP has designed the following schemes.
1. Youth empowerment scheme (YES)
2. Capacity enhancement programme (CES)
3. Community enlightenment and sensitization
scheme (COMES)
4. Social welfare service scheme (SOWES)
5. Rural infrastructure development scheme
(RIDS)
6. National
resources development and conservation scheme (NRDCS).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Poverty
in Nigeria is versatile as according to statistics 70% of Nigerians live below
poverty line, 36% have no access to public health care. While less than 50% use
safe drinking water. Poverty is caused mainly by lack of will of political
resources for the common good and lack of political action by those who have political
power.
The
introduction of the National Poverty Eradication Programme therefore is a
demonstrate in clear and unambiguous terms of the very sincere commitment of
this administration towards the improvement of the quality of life and living
standard of the average Nigeria poverty in Nigeria is manmade and not natural
poverty.
Some
of the weakness identified with past initiatives, which informed the new
direction, includes the lack of a systematic and integrated approach in the
implementation of the programme. Similarly, considerations were not adequately
given to the multi-sectoral nature and magnitude of the poverty situation in
the country with the results that poverty levels increased from 46.36% in 1985
to 65.7% by 1996. The situation was further aggravated by the slow response of
the economy to the macro-economic initiatives of the government that is
exerting negatively on the illiterate groups, rural dwellers, women, children,
the aged and the unemployed youth of the population. Data from the federal
offices of statistics and the United Nations reports (1997) revealed the
following un-encouraging indices.
1. Poverty Incidence 65.6%
2. Total population classified as poor 67.1%
3. Total population earning less than $ 10 per
day 70.2%
4. Total population classified as extreme core
poor 47.0%
5. Total population without aces to portable water 61%
6. Total population without access to
sanitation 64%
7. Rural population without access to portable
water 70%
8. Rural population without access to healthcare
70%
9. Rural population without access to
electricity 70%
10. Infant mortality rare per 100 at birth 70%
If
we accept that democracy is about freedom to choose, then we cannot build a
democratic society when a large number of people are so poor that they are
denied choices due to lack of opportunities to live a tolerable life,
materially, psychologically, socially and culturally. This is the why this work
is out to evaluate national eradication programme.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The
study shall identify the causes of poverty in the Nigerian economy and the
impact of the people.
1. To
identify and analyze the various levels of poverty is our economy.
2. To critically
examine the impact of poverty on Nigerian development.
3. To examine
the effect of the government policies on poor people.
4. To analyze
the problem facing the poor in Nigeria.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The
study shall be guide by the following research questions.
i) Who are the poor in the country?
ii) What percentage of the population is poor?
iii) What conditions are attended to each people?
iv) What restrictions are imposed by the poor?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
1. The
rate of poverty in a country is a function of domestic rate of inflation by
GDP.
2. The rate
of poverty in a country is a function of national income as measured by GDP.
1.6 METHOD OF STUDY
The
study shall be empirical. Data will be collected on eh hypothesized variables
from 1970 to 2006. The data shall largely be the secondary type and the main
source shall be the central bank of Nigeria, federal offices of statistics,
national poverty eradication programme journals. Other sources include
libraries and publications from text books etc.
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
result of this research will enable us understand the factors that influence
the rate of labour market variables influence the poverty rate, we will be in a
position to advise the government n whether or not the poverty rate can be
reduced in our economy.
1.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
study shall specifically evaluate the contribution of national poverty
eradication programme NAPEP and its effect on economic growth and development
for the period 2001-2006.
1.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
The
work shall be structured into five chapters. Chapter one shall cover the
introduction, chapter two shall take care of the literature review and
theoretical framework, method of study will be treated in chapter three,
chapter four shall be devoted to data analysis while chapter five shall present
the summary, recommendation and conclusion of the work.
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