THE ROLE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE ROLE OF GUIDANCE
AND COUNSELING SERVICES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF
EDO STATE.
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed
at identifying the role of guidance and counselling services in secondary
schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. As a result of this, a
number of hypothesis emerged and these include.
1.
Lack of adequate facilities and materials for guidance and counselling centres
in schools.
2.
Lack of qualified personnel militated against organization of guidance and
counselling services in secondary school.
3.
Lack of finance to provide the materials needed for effective organization of
guidance and counselling services is another reason why the centres are not in
existence in secondary schools in the local government area.
4.
Ignorance of the usefulness of guidance and counselling services to parents and
teachers in secondary schools is yet another reason for the absence of guidance
and counselling centres in the secondary schools.
5.
The government’s unconcerned attitude towards guidance counselling programme in
secondary schools also serves as an impediment to the effective implementation
of the guidance and counselling services in the secondary schools.
The instrument used
for the collection of data in this research was mainly the questionnaire. The
questionnaires were administered to one hundred teachers within the five (5)
randomly selected schools in Oredo local government area of Edo State to test
the validity of the aforementioned hypothesis. From the responses of the
respondents it was discovered that the importance of guidance and counselling
services cannot be overemphasized.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter One
Background to the study
Statement of the study
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Research questions
Limitations of the study
Chapter
Two
Review of related literature
The role of guidance and counselling
services in secondary schools
The nature of the child
The need of the child
Assistance to teachers
Assistance to parents
Chapter
Three
Research design and methodology
Sampled area
Sample subject
Research instruments
Administration of the questionnaire
Validity and reliability of instrument
Statistical procedure
Chapter Four
Hypothesis I
Hypothesis II
Hypothesis III
Hypothesis Iv
Hypothesis V
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
Suggestion for further
studies
References
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Guidance and
counselling as the name implies in the mode and conduct by which an individual
or a body of individual assist in the aspect of co-ordination, which lead to
efficiency in a given state or policy for the up keep of the future, in a
situation as it was from origination traditionally, people were guided through
the use of “Ikoro” ‘Ekwe’ or what we refer to as “talking drum”. This is
because, once the people hearts their sounds, everyone pays attentions, listen
alternatively, because important information laws, policies and relations are
usually made through such means. These traditional modes of communicating have
been very successful ingredients for guidance within our society.
As a result of urbanization, and sophistication other means of guidance came
into existence, such as the mass media, namely the television, the radio, the
newspapers and magazines. Through these organs relevant and important
information is communicated to the society are expected to be aware of their
rights and wrongs and so rules and regulations will be kept. Also, within the
school system, people are guided through the use of notice board, college
bulletins, timetables, syllabus, magazines, bells posters and handbooks of
various types. Besides, within the home children are guided through parental
verbal interaction and the use of positive and negative reinforcement to ensure
that order and discipline are maintained. Apart from that, when an individuals
with little problems, leaves his or her home to visit a medicine man i.e.
“Debia” in Jos and “baba-Ade” in Yoruba. He believes strongly that the medicine
man with his charms and amulets will guide him to recovery through the
instructions on how to mix and use certain concoction prepared by him. Also,
people could be guided through the use of
intuition.
Many philosophers believed that through the use of intuition skills many can
achieve high philosophical standards that can guide ones attitude, values,
norms and emotions. The above explanation points that guidance has been going
on within our society, but revealed that such guidance aims at achievement of
ones needs and desires, it further indicates that such guidance is more
compulsive and regimented and so does not give room for ones cognitive restructuring
or transformation of ideas. The traditional guidance has to weakness arising
from modernization and industrialization. Thus, the traditional concept of
guiding cannot cope with much of the complexity in our society. The deficiency
in the traditional concept of guidance renders the above definition have to be
given to be able to match its aims and purpose with the complexities of the
modern society, especially as it relates to our school system.
“Guidance and counselling” is a twin word that is inseparable, but for the
purpose of this study, the word “guidance” originated from the Greek word guide
meaning to direct, lead, guide, pilot, assist show, inform, control advice,
help, teachers give fact facts and to instruct. According to Mr. Eduwen (1994)
guidance is a process of assisting individuals to understand himself and his
environment, while Eduwen also defined counselling as the interaction between a
trained personnel (the counsellor) and a trouble individuals (the Counsellee)
for the purpose of helping the Counsellee to resolve his or her problems or
crisis. The history and development of guidance and counselling as a formal
educational services within the system started in the late 1950s, when a group
of revered sisters of the saint twenty outsiders from different works of life
to advice the sixty outgoing students on the nature of the different jobs in
order to direct their choice of career through the talks. Through group of
twenty met regularly in the following year and decided to cater not for only
schools, but for other school in Ibadan and its environs. Later
principals of school, representation from ministry of education, health, trade,
industry and labour were invited to a meeting held on October 1961 to
inaugurate the Ibadan career council and this later formed the nucleus of what
was then knows as “The Nigerian Career Council”. As a result of the widening of
the activities of the council throughout Nigeria, the name Counselling
Associated of Nigeria (CAN). The organization has been very effective in the
development of guidance service in Nigeria by organizing workshops,
conferences, seminars, symposium and soon, to disseminate guidance information.
They published a journal called “the counsellor” currently it has led to the organizing
of the guidance units by federal and state ministries of
education.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Guidance and
counselling centres are of vital importance at all levels at Education.
Unfortunately, there has not been any career in any secondary school in Oredo
Local Government Area of Edo State and as such the students cannot identify
their talents since the new system of education their them to many career.
Furthermore, many students do not know or value the importance of education in
the sense that they do not exploit their environment. This is because they are
guided towards the manipulation of environment. This is because they are guided
towards the manipulation of the resources around them and so they are never
serious with their education. The nation is also there among parents and heads
of schools that the essence of education but that is not all. As a matter of
facts, the aim of education will be defeated if the students cannot out of
interest choose a career to follow while in schools. In the actual sense, the
presence of guidance and counselling in our schools will in nor small measure
reduce the rate of drop out, juvenile delinquency, armed robber and other
social ills.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of
this study is to find out the role of guidance and counselling in secondary
schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State for growing children to
fully develop and be able to adjust need a lot of guidance and counselling services,
ranging from jealousy to envy, urbanization, industrialization, moral rejection
of our philosophers and cultures of refusal to go to school among adolescents.
The study is also an attempt to examine the extent to which the role of
guidance and counselling centres in secondary schools in Oredo local government
of Edo State will help in minimizing or eradicating the behaviour, emotional,
psychological, social academic and financial problems among the students. All
these problems can cripple any developing country and as such the role of
guidance services in our secondary school will help in no small measure to
reduce the crime wave.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The importance of
this study is multidimensional and includes to assist the child to develop and
increase self understanding and comprehension of the relationship between his
abilities, interest, personality, achievement and opportunities. The study will
help in facilitating the socialization process and sensitivity to the needs of
others. To develop social interest and a feeling to belonging. It will help in
making the child to become purposeful and responsible. The study will help to
develop whole some attitude and concepts about self in the feeling of adequacy
and self in the feeling of adequacy and self acceptance and the courage to
function in the tasks of life. From the parents view point, this relations and
problems in the family setting as they relates to this child.
In addition, it will
help them develop realistic views about their children development in relating
to their potentialities. Above all it will help them understand their children
education and social progress and problems. To teachers, this study will help
him to stimulate and promote the use of guidance procedures thereby increasing
the utilization of meaningful pupils personal date. It will help him to promote
early identification of assets and talents and as well as liabilities of
pupils. It will help him develop recognition of the importance of readiness and
involvement process as crucial concept, which produce purposeful education
experience. It will also help him to reconcile the uniqueness of the individual
and the demands of the school and the society. All the government level, the
study will go along way in helping the country to identify her talented youths
and nurture them to the optimal level of social, education and economical
development.
In this new guiding
young people to pursue the right type of education in which there is no
overpopulation of certain manpower needs and under-produced of the other aspect
of the manpower needs is a sure process of building a scientific and
technological society. In addition, practicing counsellor and teacher will find
the result of this study useful in the discharge of their duties. Above all,
the researcher hopes that result of this study will help the educational
planners and the government to see the need for guidance and counselling
centres in secondary schools in Oredo local government of Edo State.
1.5
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following
research questions will be tested in this study:
1.
Does lack of adequate facilities and materials for guidance and counselling,
militates against the establishment of guidance and counselling centres in
secondary schools.
2.
Does lack of qualified personnel militated against organization of guidance and
counselling services in secondary schools in Oredo local government area of Edo
State.
3.
Does lack of finance to provide the materials needed for effective organization
of guidance and counselling services are not in existence in secondary schools
in the local government area.
4.
Does the government unconcerned attitude towards guidance and counselling
programme in secondary schools also serves as an impediments to the effective
implementation of the guidance and counselling services in the secondary school
in Oredo local government area of Edo State.
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