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EFFECTIVE
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AS A BOOSTER TO NIGERIA ECONOMY
Abstract
This paper is a
presentation of the problems of solid waste management in Nigeria and certain
important issues that must be addressed in order to achieve success. At the
core of the problems of solid waste management are the absence of adequate
policies, enabling legislation, and an environmentally stimulated and
enlightened public. Government policies on the environment are piecemeal where
they exist and are poorly implemented. Public enlightenment programs lacked the
needed coverage, intensity, and continuity to correct the apathetic public
attitude towards the environment. Up to now the activities of the state
environmental agencies have been hampered by poor funding, inadequate
facilities and human resources, inappropriate technology, and an inequitable taxation
system. Successful solid waste management in Nigeria will require a holistic
program that will integrate all the technical, economic, social, cultural, and
psychological factors that are often ignored in solid waste programs.KEY WORDS:
Solid waste; Management; Problems; Solutions; Nigeria
ABSTRACT
It is always known that cleanliness is next to godliness and health is wealth
Good health is achieved if there is good management of the environment.
The need for a good management of the environment cannot be over emphasized
since there is a continuing environmental decay as a result of increased
urbanization.
Pollution is a major problem of urbanization of which most of the causes have
been identified as industrial combustion, solid waste generation, oil spillage
disposal etc. since these causes are inevitable; there is need for a good
control of them. In this project there will be a critical look at solid waste
management situation with special focus on Cities Enugu.
The project, which is required for the attainment of-------- programme, will be
divided into five chapters.
The chapter one, which is the introductory part of the project, the statement
of the problem is intended to be those associated with solid waste management
problems, which may include health hazard, ditty environment, blockage of
drainage system etc. In the main study, all those problems will be discussed
intensively.
The purpose of this project which will be treated in the main project will
center on identifying the importance of such management and all the various
strategies of checking excessive solid waste generation and management in the
market in particular and Enugu city in general.
The background and need for the study will focus on past experiences of solid
waste of management and problems associated with it so as to know how to
improve subsequent situation. From all those information one can make some
hypothesis, which can be either positive or negative at the end of he study.
In the chapter two, the project is intended to review some literatures on the
subject matter, which takes the form of books, paper, journals, etc. here there
will be a though review on some related topics such as solid waste management,
policies on solid waste management, generation, classification and importance
of solid waste management. These are expected to be extracted from library and
other sources.
The chapter three will deal mainly on research methodology and design. Here the
sources of data i.e. Primary and secondary sources will be highlighted.
Primary sources have to do with questionnaires, direct interview etc which
secondary sources have to do with information from libraries, books, journals
and magazine etc. Some statistical models such as bar chart, pie chart, and
histogram will be used to present this data in a specific manner.
The chapter four has to do with data presentation and analysis. Here field data
collected are analysis and presented in a format to achieve analytical
conclusion. Statistical analytical methods are to be used here to arrive at
scientifically conclusions.
Chapter five deals on findings of the reseach, recommendation he prefer to
tackle solid waste management problems in the study area and conclusions.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction
1.1
Statement of the problem
1.2
Purpose of the
study
1.3
Background and need of the study
1.4
Theoretical foundation of the study
1.5
Research
question
1.6
Scope of study
1.6.1
Delimitation
1.6.2
Limitation
1.7
Signification of the study
1.8
Overview of the study
CHAPTER
TWO:
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1
Definition of solid waste
2.2
Solid waste
2.3
Characteristics of solid waste
2.4
Urbanization and solid waste
generation
2.5
Solid waste management strategies
2.6
Importance of solid waste management
2.7
Problems of solid waste
management
CHAPTER
THREE
Methodology
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Re-statement of the
problem
3.3
The study
area
3.4
Populations and sample
size
3.5
Sources of
data
3.6
Method of data
collection
3.7
Libraries
3.8
Validity/reliability test of instrument
CHAPTER
FOUR
Data Presentation and
Analysis
4.1
Data on
respondent
4.2
Rate of solid waste generated by the
respondents
4.3
estimation of daily, weekly, monthly
and
annual generation of solid waste
in
akwata area of
cities
4.4
Solid waste storage system by the respondent
4.5
Information about ENSEPA
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0
Findings, Recommendation and conclusion
5.1
Findings
5.2
Recommendation
5.3
Recommended treatment
5.4
Conclusion
Bibliography
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
Empirical
evidence ranks Nigerian as one of the countries world that produces high
qualities of solid waste. This phenomenon is predicted on her over increasing
population complied with sophistication in taste and demand for domestic and
industrial goods by her urban population. The uncontrolled generation and
disposal of these wastes have deteriorated our otherwise conducive urban
environment. Virtually all cities in Nigeria are characterized by helps or
mounting of solid wastes. The health implications of this development on our
urban streams, health and socio-economic development leave much to be desired.
The
realization of good health, hygiene and sustainable development in any society
is practically impossible when pollution by way of solid wastes impact strongly
on hers socio – economic, cultural and environmental settings.
Policy
markers, leaders of though and political office holders are daily confronted
with endemic problems of what to do with mounting heaps of solid wastes in our
urban environment. Many choice properties by virtue of their proximity to dump
sites have deteriorated significantly and this has serious negative effect on
their rental and capital values.
The
present scenario depicts a state hopeless as virtually all Agencies of
government entrusted with managing the wastes especially ENSEPA seems to be at
cross road on what to do.
1.1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
Solid
waste management is a very difficult task, as we all know. It creates a lot of
problems to people which include:- drainage blockage (flooding), traffic jam,
health hazard and unsightly environment.
In
addition, environmental pollution in urban centers due to solid wastes is a
matter of serious concern to the international community, for pollution in any
form interferes with our good chain, health, comfort, amenities, properties
values and living standards.
Today,
all businesses are affected by both environmental changes and government effort
towards controlling these changes.
1.2
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to
effective of solid waste management as a booster to Nigeria Economy. More
over the research aims at finding out what should be done in order to reduce
the health hazards and of the increasing menace of solid wastes management in
urban areas.
1.3
BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE STUDY
Urbanization, which is the purpose of
people’s aggregation in cities, has witnessed tremendous increase in recent
times. Most cities now in Nigeria have grown to full-scale urban status. The
implications of urbanization is manifested in the areas of unemployment,
inadequate social amenities due to undue pressures on the available ones by
teaming population, increase in crime wave, sophistication and changes in demand
and taste complied with high consumption on industrial and domestic goods
leading to large volumes of solid wastes.
The presence of the solid wastes in our
city environment without effective waste collection and disposal machinery has
left most of these cities in solided state and their implications on the health
of urban. It leaves much to be desired hence the need for this study.
1.4
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF THE STUDY
This study is based ion W. Wilkie,
Jodan’s Topical hygiene and sanitation theory, which state “that the collection
and disposal of refuse and waste matter is any integral part of effective
sanitation exercise.
From the above view and theory, any
effective waste management packaged for proper address of our solid waste hydra
headed problems benefit all individual main market.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
The
following research questions wee formulated to guide the study. These include:
1.
How do you dispose your solid waste?
2.
Are there any waste bins in your shops?
3.
How often is waste evacuated from your
day?
4.
Do you sort your waste before disposal?
5.
Are there sufficient equipment and
manpower?
6.
Are the storage, collection and
transportation in Cities dumps from individual shops?
7.
How far are waste dumps from individual
shops?
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
The study is therefore restricted to
solid waste management in Cities. The scope of study is created into two
sections:-
a.
Delimitation
b.
Limitation
1.7
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.
The major significance of this study is
that it will help in no small measure to maintain efficient and effective waste
management system of the study area.
2.
Furthermore, it will help in improving
the environmental condition of Cities.
3.
The findings of this study will also
form the basis for further investigations in this study area.
4.
Finally, it will help in the
prevention, reduction and control of the disease associated with solid wastes
and food poisoning.
1.8
OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
For effective coverage of this research
it is divide into five (5) chapters made up as follows:
Chapter one deals with the statement of
the problem, purpose of the study, background and need for the study, the
theoretical foundation of the study, research question, scope of study,
significance of the study and overview of the study.
Chapter two is the literature review.
This chapter deals with the view of relevant literature by authorities in
environmental and solid waste management.
Chapter three is the research design
and methodology, which gives the step-by-step procedure adopted in carrying out
the study.
Chapter five is the finding,
recommendation and conclusion of the study.
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