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FACTOR AFFECTING
POWER OUTAGE IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This research work examines the factors
affecting power outage in Nigeria.
Constants Power supply is the hallmark
of a develop economy. Any nation whose energy need is epileptic in supply
prolongs her development and risk-losing potential investors.
Nigeria with population of over 120
million people has for the past 40 years of establishment of National Electric
Power Authority (NEPA)agency empowered with the electricity generation,
transmission and distribution, experience frequent and persistent
challenges and problems.
Presently the federal
government has embarked on power sector reforms with the aim of
improving the unpalatable scenario and in turn reduce the scope of monopoly
control of the nations power industry. This work also look at the overall power
sector reforms as well as evaluate the opportunities and challenges there
and while advocating introduction of management programme by Power
Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN?) a way of improving power supply .
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Constant Electricity
Power supply is the hallmark of National development with electric
emerges the people are empowered to work from the domestic
level and the cottage industries through and large scale
manufacturing complexes. In these days depriving people of electric power
is tan tantamount to risk of losing potential investors and also
prolong development.
The Power generation can be
through one of the following sources of energy coal, oil or natural gas,
hydro power (water turbine), nuclear power (stream turbine),
solar-wind or water wave turbine, solar thermal generator, solar voltaic
generator, coal, oil, gas and hydro Power are abundant in Nigeria.
Presently Nigeria Mostly employ
gas fired and hydroelectric Power bring that oil is too expensive and
coal-fired station have gone moribund the maximum Power consumption
or peak demand depends on the population and industrialization of a
country. If the maximum supply meets the peak demand there is a surplus
otherwise there is a shortfall.
However, in Nigeria, the Power supply
system is run with a shortfall as demand tends to exceeds supply.
The power holding
company of Nigeria (PHCN) is responsible for generating, transmitting
distributing and sells electric power to various consumers across
the country. A major objective of PHCN naturally has been to
provide regular and uninterrupted power supply to electricity
consumer nationwide.
There has been
study of power supply systems as well as various aspects of their
operations, however very few have investigates and documented in learned
journals the counterpart (factor affecting) of the system in Nigeria. The
establishment and the growth of electricity in Nigeria dates back as far
as 1896 when it was first produce in Lagos, fifteen years after its
introduction in England (Niger. Power Review, 1985). The total capacity of the
generation used then was 60KW. In other words the maximum demand in 1896
was less than 60KW and then in 1946 the Nigeria government
electricity undertaking was established under the jurisdiction of the
responsibility of (PWD) to take over the responsibility of electricity
supply in Lagos State. And in 1950 a central body was
established by the legislative council which transferred electricity supply and
development of the care of the body known as the electricity corporation of
Nigeria (ECN). Other bodies like native Authorities and the Nigerian
Electricity Supply Company (NESCO) had licenses to
produced electricity in some locations in Nigeria.
Another body known as
Niger Dams Authority (NDA) which was established by an Act of parliament
the Authority was responsible for the construction and maintenance of
dams and other works on the River Niger and elsewhere
generating electricity by means of water Power, improving
navigation and promoting fish brines and irrigation the electricity
produced by NDA was bold to ECN for distribution and sales at unity
voltage.
In April 1972, the
operation of ECN/NDA were merged in anew organization known as the National
Electric Power Authority (NEPA) since ECN was mainly responsible for
distribution and sales and NDA was created to build and run-generating station
and transmission lines, the primary aim for merging the organization were
(Niger Power Review 1989)
The capacity in
Kilowatt generated by each of the generating system inv various part of the
country (Nigeria) has also been studied. The work which also examined the Nigerian
Electricity marked and found that the annual growth rate of electricity average
about 18 percent still had low electricity consumption of 60KWH capita
(1979 figure) which is less than 1 percent of industrialized countries. The
work however pointed out that the low consumption capita in Nigeria is due to
the fact that over 80 percent of the population normally resides in the
rural area where they have no access to electricity as well as low level of
industrialization.
The solar and
wind energy resource in Nigeria was investigated and found
that the annual mean of solar meter square and global radiation is as
high as 24mj per meter squared per day due to it good geographical
location latitude 4 degree and 14 degree north of the equator. Nigeria’s Power
Company-Power Holding Company of Nigeria has an installed
generating capacity of about 6GW but actual available output is less than 2.5GW
Power outage (black out) is frequent.
1.2
Aims and Objectives of the Study
This Paper
looks into some recent major Power outage in Nigeria and adequate
examined the root causes and dynamic of this problem and possible
recommendations for possible solution.
1.3 Significance of the Study
Electricity as a
source of energy is vital to the growth and development of any economy.
Its significance arises from the impact it has on infrastructure, a
range of socio-economic activities and consequently on the country’s
standard of living. This means that transportation, communication, construction,
and other facilities depend on electricity to function
effectively. Electricity has continued to play a significance role in the
development process. In the Nigerian situation the reverse appears to be the
case because Power outages have continued to affect the
country’s development. Some have argued that privatizing
electricity supply through the unbundling of power generation
arm of National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) Now Power Holding
Company of Nigeria (PHCN) will ensure its efficiency . Despite this
reform, electricity supply I still rationed to the consumers in ways that
are still grossly inadequate.
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