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THE
ROLE OF MORAL AND MORALE IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN ENGLISH OF PRIMARY
SCHOOL PUPILS
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this
study is to examine the extent to which moral and morale affect the pupils
studies and consequently their academic performance in English and to suggest
some possible solutions to the heart-breaking problem in the school system. The
basic problem that children have today is not their concentration span which is
roughly as long as the life of a smoke rings, based on their stereophonic
approach to studying. There is an increase in moral, social and cultural
decadence. Youths now parade themselves with arrogance, cultism, vandalism and
great lack of morals. The youth and children are now like sheep without a
shepherd. They can no longer concentrate or remain focused even on their
academic work. Moral and morale towards learning of English Language beside
opinions and belief have an obvious influence on pupils behaviour and consequently
on their performance.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1
Background
to the study
1.2
Statement
of problem
1.3
Purpose
of the study
1.4
Research
questions
1.5
Significance
of the study
1.6
Scope of
the study
1.7
Limitation
of study
1.8
Definition
of term
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
2.0
Introduction
2.1
Definition
of moral
2.2
Moral and
education in Nigeria
2.3
Definition
of morale
2.4
Importance
of morale
2.4.1 Behavaiour
aspect of morale
2.4.2 Cognitive
aspect of morale
2.4.3 Emotional
aspect of morale
2.5
Role
of moral education on the academic performance of students
2.5.1 Current
approaches to moral education
2.5.2 The
infusion approach
2.6
Factors
contributing to the development and expression of morality
CHAPTER
THREE
Methodology
3.1
Research
design
3.2
Population
of the study
3.3
Sample
and sampling techniques
3.4
Research
instrument
3.5
Validity
of the instrument
3.6
Method of
data collection
3.7
Data
analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data presentation and analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of findings,
Recommendations and Conclusion
5.1
Summary of findings
5.2
Recommendation
5.3
Conclusion
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The
problem of declining morality, especially among the youth, is an age-old and
worldwide issue. This is especially true in Nigeria, Syria and South Africa
where the ever-decreasing levels of morality affect communities as well as the
entire country. For example, the economy of Nigeria is affected negatively due
to lowered investor confidence, which is influenced by the high instances of
violence and crime. As far as the family is concerned, Nigeria is also
suffering. For example, more children are becoming orphaned due to HIV/Aids,
and many parents have lost children and even entire families to violence
perpetrated by (Boko Haram). This issue has steadily gained importance in
Nigeria and has become a “National Attention” as highlighted by the President,
Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, in one of his addresses on the need for peace:
when he said “the lines between right and wrong are continuing to plague our
communities” (Retrieved from the World Wide Web on 24 May, 2012). This
viewpoint has steadily been gaining support from various arenas, including
Religious, Educational and Political leaders. Morality is therefore seen as an
antidote to the ever-increasing incidence of crime such as violence, Kidnapping
and even HIV/Aids (Carlo et al. 1999; Judy & Nelson 2000). It is
essential that the issue of morality in the country be addressed. Until recent
years, public schools had since deflected from their original roles in
morality, though many outside the school system continued political pressure to
move schools either towards or away from a value oriented curriculum. (KILPATRICK,
WILLIAM, 2008). This poses questions and ideas about the appropriate approach
to learning and the effect of morality in our teaching-learning process.
DUNCAN, (2009) opined that there is no doubt that things are falling
apart many people behave as if there is no need for decency and diligence for
things that matter. There is an increase in moral, social and cultural
decadence. Youths, now parade themselves with arrogance, cultism, vandalism and
great lack of morals. The youths and children are now like sheep without a
shepherd. They can no longer concentrate or remain focused even on their
academic works.
Kara
(2009) stated that morale towards learning of English Language besides opinions
and beliefs have an obvious influence on students’ behaviours and consequently
on their performance. It is argued that those students who possess positive
morale about learning have a tendency to increase more positive attitudes
towards language learning. (www.ccsenet.org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 8,
No. 2; February 2012). Conversely, negative beliefs may lead to class anxiety,
low cognitive achievement, and negative attitudes (Victori & Lockhart,
1995). According to Alhmali (2007), the purpose of education in Nigeria is to
obtain high grades and pass the exams. He went further to say that the
creativity and understanding of the nature of students and their needs are not
taken into account. The teachers’ role is basically to transmit information to
their students effectively. There exists little knowledge about the best
strategies to develop the students not just cognitively but also behaviorally
and emotionally. In Nigeria, English Language textbooks are based on the
communicative approach. (Orafi & Borg, 2009).
Meanwhile,
the controversial concern is why some students attain higher grades in English
language exams than others who are under the same conditions and situations.
The concern on the learners’ attitudes towards the target language was
emphasized by Gardner (1995), who stated that the learners’ Morale (attitudes
and emotions) towards learning another language play a key role in enhancing
and motivating them to learn that language. This, in turn, affects their
performance, too. It is on this note, that one becomes concerned with the
effect of moral and morale on the performance of students especially in English
Language.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This
study therefore focuses on the effect of moral and morale in the performance of
students in English Language; as these issues tend to form a cog in the
academic wheel of students.
The basic problem that children have today is not their concentration span
which is roughly as long as the life of a smoke rings based on their
stereophonic approach to studying.
This
research is to examine the extent to which moral and morale affect or influence
the pupils studies and their academic performance in English Language.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which moral and morale
affect the pupils studies and consequently their academic performance in
English Language.
This is why this study has taken into consideration the effect of morale and
moral on the academic performance of pupils in English Language and to suggest
some solutions that would help to solve the heart breaking problems in the
school systems. Another reason why this study is carried out is to contribute
to research and humanity, so that the future generation can learn from and
improve on it.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
Does moral affect the academic performance of the primary school pupils in
English Language?
2.
Does morale affect the academic performance of the primary school pupils in
English Language?
3.
Does the morale of the teacher affect the academic performance of the primary
school pupils in English Language?
4.
Does the moral of the teachers affect the academic performance of the primary
school pupils in English Language?
5.
Does the moral of the parents affect the academic performance of the primary
school pupils in English Language?
6.
Does parent’s morale affect the academic performance of the primary school
pupils in English Language?
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This work will play an important role in the academic setting such as:
1.
Enabling one to understand reasons for the fluctuation in academic performance
of the primary school pupils in English Language?
2.
Bringing to light the part moral and morale play in the academic performance of
the primary school pupils?
3.
Making some positive impact and improve the readability of pupils in the
primary school.
4.
It will encourage and urge the pupils to improve their listening skills and pay
more attention to things that really matter.
5.
It will serve as a document that can be referred to in order to clear some
doubts in the area of related experiences.
1.6
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This
research work covered all the primary schools in Ovia North East Local
Government Area. However, six schools were selected made up of two Mission
School, two private (non-mission) and two public school.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERM
Morale:
This
is the state of psychological wellbeing of an individual or a group in terms of
self-confidence, zeal, optimism, discipline and motivation especially when
faced with adverse and hostile conditions.
Moral:
According
to the Oxford Advance Learners Dictionary is the standard of behaviour,
principle of right and wrong. While the New International dictionary looks at
it as the conforming to what is right and wrong.
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