THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL: A CASE STUDY OF OREDO USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLLOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL IN
SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL: A CASE STUDY OF OREDO USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLLOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
This research is on the study of the
use of instructional materials in some selected secondary schools in Oredo
Local Government Area of Edo State. The entire project will be divided into
five chapters. The first chapter will deal with the introduction and statement
of the problem relating to the subject matter. The second chapter will deal
with the literature review of all relevant tests published. The third chapter
will deal with the research methodology in this research, questionnaire method.
The fourth chapter will deal with the presentation of data and data analysis.
The data findings will also be discussed while the fifth and final chapter
possible recommendations and to improve the use of instructional in some
selected secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area in particular.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction
1.1
Background Statement
1.2
Purpose of the study
1.3
Basic assumption
1.4
Research questions
1.5
Significance of the study
1.6
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
2.1
The history of instructional materials
2.2
Audio materials
2.3
Visual materials
2.4
The role of instructional materials in the teaching and learning process
2.5
The effect of instructional materials on the teaching and learning
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology
3.1
introduction
3.2
Population of study
3.3
Research instrument
3.4
Statistics techniques employed in the analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Analysis of data
CHAPTER FIVE
Findings
5.1
Summary
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendations
5.4
Suggestions for further study
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
One present concern about the
quality of instructional materials arises not because our school have performed
quality of education be simple improved in schools today emphasizes is learn on
both qualitative and quantities curriculum content method and techniques and
qualified teachers. With the increase in the number of schools as well as in
student’s enrolment, there arise the problems of shortage of qualified teachers,
physical facilities and instructional materials. This is the general desire and
pursuit of quality education shown by the public because of the apparent
falling standard in the performance of our educational instructions.
This is an era when school enrolment
is on the increase tremendously and quality of the teachers leaves much to be
designed educational technology can not be ruled out as an instructional
innovation. According to Brown and Thornton (2001) the gradual shift towards
the use of instructional material in education has been encouraged by increased
availability of effective, appropriate and convenient materials, devices
machine and classroom facilities designed for improving instructions,
instructional materials are only equipment which are employed with the sense
particularly that sight the use of audio-visual aid therefore become a
necessity to supplement the available instructional resources and qualified
teachers. The current stations of audio-visual material in Nigerian school is
very cruel and unsatisfactory. The development occurred in stages 1960s, there
were audio-visual aids or instructional materials in the form of education,
television and radio broadcasting unit at both federal and state ministries of
education in all subjects.
Before the official support for
instructional material started coming from the university in 1960s, the
pioneering audio-visual instructional effort was already carried used in
teaching are the 16mm film strips, 8mm film maps slides, radio programmes and
television programme, cassette, tapes and real objects.
The use of audio visual material is
not without justification, as they are considered relevant to curriculum
improvement and general learning teaching processes. The use of instructional
material cannot be overemphasized.
1)
Instructional materials provided with interest compelling springboard with can
lunched students into a wide variety of learning activities.
2)
Instructional materials his/her student horizon of experience.
3)
Instructional materials offer with opportunity for students to develop
communicating skills while activities engage in solving meaningful problem.
4)
Instructional materials multiply the efficiency of teachers by providing
historical stimuli and response guidance for individual students.
5)
Instructional materials enable the teachers to overcome physical difficulties
of presenting subject matter.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The need to impact the appropriate concepts cannot be overemphasized. The
practical relevance of the subjects pre-supposes therefore that the teaching
aid or instructional materials should be as close to reality as possible. This
in fact has not been so, teaching has been arbitrarily done without relevant
instructional materials. They over look and understand the overwhelming
importance of teaching and learning process.
The days when teachers only use chalkboard lecture method of teaching and
learning are over according to Okpala (2002). The combination of usual and oral
present action is likely to make deeper impression on the students than could
normally be achieved by conventional textbooks teaching.
At this point, it is necessary to state these problems;
1) Do the
schools have adequate manpower or facilities for the teaching and learning
process?
2) Does the
available instructional materials for teaching and learning affect the subject
performance?
3) What
facilities are available in secondary school for teaching and learning process?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Most often, very many teachers teach without instructional materials. They
believe that any teachers who teach subject like the physical science,
mathematics etc. need to use instructional materials because these subjects
need laboratory experiments. The study is therefore aimed at achieving the
following objectives.
1) To
determine the extent teaching and process teachers utilize these materials.
2) They find
out the factors that militate against the use of these materials in teaching
and learning in schools.
3) To find
out the types of instructional materials that is available in secondary schools
in Oredo.
4) To know
if learners understand better with the use of instructional materials or not.
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
For the purpose of this study, the following assumptions have been made:
1.
Most teachers do not advocate the use of instructional materials in teaching.
2.
That very few schools have instructional materials.
3.
That most teachers often teach without visual materials.
HYPOTHESIS
1) Financial
capacity has an indirect relationship with the use of instructional materials
in schools.
2) There is
no significant difference between the performance of students taught with
instructional materials and those taught without instructional materials.
3) The
extent of which teachers use instructional materials a direct relationship or
students’ performance.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Majority of the researcher that have been conducted into the machines of
learners have revealed that many instructional processes which evoke the
involvement of human sensory tend to facilitate the permanency of learning. The
use of audio visual material in the teaching and learning process cannot be
overemphasized. They help bridges the gap between abstraction and reality but
only a few teaching and learning process teachers have realized this, because
the students do not necessarily see the inter-relationship between that fact,
he learn and the immediate use of this knowledge, his motivation. If this
weakness of deficiency is gradually to overcome the educational objectives in
teaching, should aim at developing creative ability fostering scientific
decision making process.
One way of achieving this is to provide students with the opportunity to study
teaching and learning process with the use4 of audio-visual aids, which
facilitate the acquisition retention and recall of lesson learned.
DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Due to the wideness of the local government area where this study was carried
out of the poor condition of some of the roads leading to these areas. This
study was limited to five schools, which represent 5% of the target population.
Financial constraints definitely constitute delimitations especially against
the backdrop of the structural adjustment programme currently being pursed by
the government of Nigeria.
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