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THE PROBLEM OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN ENUGU METROPOLIS
Abstract
This research work is
aim at examining the practices and problems solid waste management with
particular reference to IMT Campus III.
The
research choose the random sampling Technique based on the population
concentration from three (3) location within the study area.
The
data obtained were analysed using percentage statistics method. From the
analysis of data and discussion the practices in the use include open dumps and
open burning which indicate poor management.
To
ensure proper management the researcher recommended that government should
device new and appropriate strategies in solid waste management that involves
on the spot separation for possible recycling, through supervision of
authorities involved in the waste management and grass roof campaign to ensure
strict adherence to the rules guiding waste management. With the above
recommendation waste and the health implication of improper management becomes
a thing of the past.
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Introduction
1.2
Statement of the Problem
1.3
Purpose of the Study
1.4
Research Question I
1.5
Hypothesis
1.6
Significance of the Study
1.7
Scope of the Study
1.8
Limitation of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
2.1
Literature Review
2.1.1
Concept of Solid Waste
2.1.2
Source and Types of Solid Waste
2.1.3
Waste Minimization and Treatment
2.4
Solid Waste Management Practices
2.5
Resources Recovery
2.6
Disposal Techniques
CHAPTER
THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Research Design
3.3
Population Sample
3.4
Refused Site Selection
3.5
Sources of Data
3.6
Instrument for Data Collection
3.7
Validity and Reliability of Instrument
3.8
Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Analysis of Management and Fiscal
Problems of Waste Management
4.2
Solutions to Above Problems
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
Discussion and Findings
5.2
Implications for Environmental
Management
5.3
Recommendation
5.4
Conclusions
Bibliography
Chapter
one
Introduction
Background of the study
Refuse
generation started with the history of man and gained more attention when man
began to live in communities. During the 1st century with industrial
revolution rapid population growth in the develop world and the volume of waste
produce was relatively small. Today in developing nations, like, Nigeria, solid
waste accumulate in every city causing serious health and environmental hazard.
The practice of
dumping waste on streets, roads, streets and unapproved sites lead to breeding
to rats, flies and out break of plagues as well as ecological impacts, such as
water and air pollution. This is because the capacity of nature to dilute,
disperse or absorb or dispose of its unwanted residues in the atmosphere, water
way and land is limited. It is against this background that the Federal
Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) was established in 1988 manage and
protect the environment. The decree establishing the agency also provided for
the establishment of State Environment Protection Agencies (SEPA) in all the
States of Federation.
However, the
prevailing economic condition in the country coupled with negative attitude of
the citizens made it difficult for proper solid waste management and
environmental protection solid waste consists of biodegradable (that is
substance that can be broken down by bacteria) and non biodegradable (that is
substance that cannot be broken by bacteria) materials and these are usually
deposited at refuse dumps and other unapproved sites. They pile up in heaps
blocking road and drainage, road, network thereby consisting environmental
hazards. The inhabitants of the neighborhood sometimes set the heaps of refuse ablaze
in an attempt to reduce the size. This practice further deteriorate the
environment since people are exposed to danger of air pollution.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
Changes in Technology brings about
changes in the consumption habit of the citizenry and therefore the composition
of waste materials.
Thus
a lot of non-biodegradable waste (that is substance that cannot be broken by
bacteria) are generated and since non-biodegradable are not easily absorbed or
diluted naturally such waste accumulate in heaps along major streets. The
stinking odour and blackish liquid effluence emanating from such heaps
especially during the rainy season constitute environmental hazards and degrade
the aesthetic values of our environment.
They as well encourage
breeding of mosquitoes and communicable diseases. Therefore the rate of
generation of solid waste is not matched with the rate of evacuation as a
result of problems ranging from lack of funds and professional experience
staffs of bureaucracy and redtapism.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to
(i)
To determine the composition of solid
waste in campus III
(ii)
To examine the different management
strategies being adopted in solid waste management by the institution as well
as ENSEPA. Enugu State environmental Protection Agencies.
(iii)
To identify problem militating against
solid waste management in campus III IMT Enugu Institute of Management and
Technology.
(iv)
To suggest appropriate and effective
measures that will ensure efficient solid waste management in campus III IMT
Institute of Management and Technology Enugu.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In
an attempt to identify the approaches and problems of solid waste management in
campus III IMT with a view of finding appropriate management strategies, the
following research questions were formulated:
(i)
What are the major components of solid
waste generated in campus III IMT.
(ii)
To what extent does the composition of
waste influence the management practices?
(iii)
What are the reasons for the inadequate
as well as inefficient collection and disposal of solid waste by (ENSEPA).
(iv)
What measure are likely to improve the
existing situation constraints or management techniques.
(v)
What is the level of public awareness
of poor solid waste management.
1.5
HYPOTHESIS
In
order to ascertain the opinion of the public on the major constraints of solid
waste management in. campus III IMT the following hypothesis are formulated.
Null Hypothesis
HO
The opinion of ENSEPA staff and the general public indicate and lack of
management personnel that militate against proper solid waste management in
campus III IMT.
Alternative Hypothesis
Hi
The opinion of (ENSEPA) staff and the general public indicate that it is the
problem of equipment, fund and lack of management personnel that militate
against proper solid waste management in campus III IMT.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
The
finding of this study will be of great significance to both the students and
staff and indeed, every body that has a stake in the affairs and proceedings in
IMT campus III.
This is because the
recommendation of this study will prefer sustainable solid waste management
strategies. Moreover, the study will go along ways in revealing to
industrialists, the practical ways to minimize waste recycling.
Finally, the out come
of this research will be an asset to environmental researcher and planners for
effective planning and management of solid waste.
1.7
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
consequences and various types of waste are of global significance but the
research decided to limit the study to.
(i)
The nature of solid waste generation
and problems in campus III IMT Enugu.
(ii)
Testing the level of awareness and
review of the activities of the (ENSEPA) in solving the problem of solid waste
in campus III.
(iii)
The possible measures to improve the
management techniques in the area.
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