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THE
USE OF AUDIO- VISUAL TECHNOLOGY IN SCHOOL LIBRARIES AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE:
A
CASE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL EARLY LEARNING CENTER/DOROTHY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL,
ABA.
ABSTRACT
The age of digitalization and
globalization has given unprecedented impetus to the development audio-visual
technology. Audio-visual instructions in schools have therefore continued to
accelerate students’ understanding and appreciation of learning.
The value of audio- visual media is
further underscored by their positive impact in school libraries, the libraries
positive influence of the academic performance of students and the enhancement
of teacher’s performance. Libraries are no doubt veritable instruments in a
nation’s educational development.
The work therefore focuses on the use
of audio-visual technology in school libraries, evaluated the effects of the
use of audio-visual technology on the academic performance of students, and
proffers solutions to problems hampering the effective application of
audio-visual technology in our educational process.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2
Profile of IELC/DISS
1.3
Purpose of the study
1.4
Significance of Study
1.5
Scope of the Study
1.6
Research Questions
1.7
Hypotheses
1.8
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
2.1
Development and trends in Audio-Visual Technology
2.2
Relevance / Value of Audio-Visual technology
2.3
Impact of Audio-Visual Instructions on students
2.4
Factors Affecting Audio-Visual Material and Equipment
CHAPTER THREE
Research
Methodology
3.1
Area of the Study
3.1.1
Population of the Study
3.2
Sample Plan
3.3
Data Collection Techniques
3.4
Data Analysis techniques
CHAPTER
FOUR
Presentation and Analysis of Data
4.2
Discussions and Findings
CHAPTER
FIVE:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1
Summary of Findings
5.2
Recommendations
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The global wave in the use of educational technology and its revolutionary
effects is a major attraction to the choice of this topic for study. This
project examined systematically the effects of the use of students in
developing nation like Nigeria taking the case of a private primary cum
secondary school library. The choice of private school is pertinent, as most
government schools have no functional libraries. There is a growing
consciousness among some private school owners on the relevance of functional
school libraries.
This project identified that an ideal library exists in International
Early Learning Centre / Dority International Secondary School Aba in Abia
State. A wide range of audio-visual materials and their equipment for operation
abound in the library.
However, many a time materials and equipment are not used in the
library. Similarly, the students are unable to use the materials and equipment
themselves. There is no convenient time for them to use the audio-visual
materials and equipment.
Despite all these constraints, audiovisual technology is adequately used in the
school in teaching and learning.
The results gathered indicated that
students’ academic performances are significantly improved after being taught
using audiovisual technology.
Nowadays, knowledge is recorded in many physical forms. Before printing was
invented, the papyrus, vellum, codex etc were used in recording human
knowledge. With the invention of printing came books and other printing forms.
Recently, another form of media has come into prominence and that is the
audio-visual media. Audio-visual may include graphic materials such as
pictures, maps charts, sides etc, and finally multimedia packages such as
motion pictures, video recording etc. There are also information-bearing
items like microforms, computer readable data files and three-
dimensional objects e.g. botanical specimens.
Audio-visuals have a variety of definitions. It is derived from a latin work
meaning, “I hear”. In library and information science, it is replay of
sound which we hear. This covers microforms, disc recorders, amplifiers,
loud-speakers and their enclosures and any other techniques which are used to
record or replay sound waves (Sincher, 1977).
Audio-visuals mean something related to sound and visual or light. They include
printed materials and their equipment.
Audio-visual materials can be categorized into audio materials and visual
materials – Audio include Radio, lecture/talk, Audio tapes/cassette compact
Disc, Telephone, etc. Visual materials can be identified by grouping than into
two ways-2 dimensional and 3 dimensional; projectiles and Non projectuals.
Visual materials can also be classified under graphics/photographic.
Audiovisuals are a combination of audio and visuals. They include TV
programmes, multi-media packages, VCR, and even computer programmes. Some
cannot be treated without the equipment for using them as progectors, TV
receiver, microreader, Record player, photocopying machine, VTR laminating,
35mm camera with accessories etc. they can also exist in some other forms as
slides of computer screens, down loading of computer screens to create a
simulation of a computer search, interactive video disc which requires the
image storage medium, a TV monitor or computer screen, appropriate software,
and a means of receiving inputs.
They are usually not in book and so are not easily available. They are usually
expensive because some of them require projectors, moreso, they are usually
hard to process because they lack some of the normal bibliographic details.
They, however, can be catalogued using the territorial areas. Finally, they are
of easily accessible to users. They are used mainly as reference
materials, and user are encouraged to borrow them.
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This research work titled. “The use of Audio – visual Technology in
school libraries and students Academic performance” is informed by the
prevalent global wave in the use of educational Technology Vis the – a vis the
situation of nursery, primary and secondary schools in Nigeria. Being an
experimental research, the study investigated the use of audio-visual material
and equipment in a typical school library (International Early Learning
Center/Dority International Secondary School Aba) and evaluated the impacts of
the use of such technology on the academic performance of
students.
1.2
BRIEF PROFILE OF INTERNATIONAL EARLY LEARNING CENTER/DORITY INTERNATIONAL
SECONDARY SCHOOL
IELC / DISS is a
private nursery, primary and secondary school. IELC is for the secondary
division. The school is owned by Mrs. Zovannah Onuma; an American woman married
to Eng. E. Onumah from Abia State, Nigeria.
The nursery section
was established in 1984 along faulks Road Aba while the primary section was
opened in 1986. However, owing to rapid increase in population of school
children, the school relocated to its permanent site in 1992 and it was in the
same year that the DISS was opened.
The school is
situated at no. 19-21 Umuodu Avenue Abayi Osisiona L. G. A,Abia State. It has a
population of over 5,700 and more than 500 workforce including the non-teaching
staff.
The school is aimed
at graduationg students who are academically competent, constructively
self-directed and who are oriented towards being positive, intelligent,
sensitive and mature citizens of this country. The school vigorously pursues
the attainment of these heart warming objectives.
The school has a
library with a strong collection of both print and non-print materials. The
library is headed by a professional librarian; a HND graduate in library
science and assisted by a professional librarian also, there is also library
security.
However, with the
exponential increase in materials owing to the new policy of the school to
purchase of daily basis a copy of daily newspaper and regular acquisition a of
new materials, accommodation for the materials has become a problem. The
library also needs more personnel to help in rendering effective service to
users and to maintain orderliness and absolute quietude especially when
students are using the library.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This research work although is carried out primarily to fulfill the basic
school requirement for the award of Technical Teacher Certificate (TTC)
is also essentially set to achieve the following objectives:
a.
Identifying the various kinds of audio-visual learning aid used in school
libraries and in IELC/DISS in particular.
b.
Examining the use of audio-visual materials and their media in the school
c.
Evaluating the impacts of the use or otherwise of the A/V materials on the
academic performance of the students in the school under study.
d.
Discovering the constraints inherent in the use of A/V material and their
equipment in school library and suggesting ways of redeeming them.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research topic
is chosen to investigate the impact of the use of A/V material sand equipment
would have on pupils in nursery, primary and is IELC/DISS Abayi, Aba, Abia
State.
The desire to carry
out this work is consequent upon the new wave of educational technology
sweeping across the globe. The study investigated how school libraries in
Nigeria could brace up the challenges posed by education technology.
This study is
particularly important to school managers and government as it would enable
them to know the various A/V materials and media that can be used in school
libraries and possibly come to realize the positive impacts the use of A/V
technology has on students academic performance and hence take positive steps
to develop our school libraries and position them to encompass these media in
their holding so as to meet the challenges of this information age.
1.5
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to how A/V materials and equipment are used and assessed
in IELC/DISS library for effective use on the academic performance of students.
There is no comparative analysis as it is purely an experimental
research. It rather tested the impacts of the use of the A/V media on students
of the school studies. The study covered all sections of the school-nursery
section, only the upper nursery was studied. The reason for this being that
pupils in the lower nursery might not be sensitive enough to answer the
research questions.
1.6
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
What is the population of students surveyed?
2.
Does a library exist in the school under study?
3.
Does the school use audio-visual materials and equipment in teaching the
students and what is the range of the audio-visual materials in use?
4.
Which places are designated for the use of the A/V materials and equipment?
5.
Can the students use the A/V resources on their own and what range of materials
are they able to use unaided?
6.
What reasons account most for the non-use of the A/V materials and equipment?
7.
Does teaching with audio-visuals facilitate understanding and in what areas is
the impact most felt?
8.
How adequate is the use of the materials and what factors account for the
inadequacy of use?
1.7
HYPOTHESES
After a careful study
of this research topic, the following assumptions were made and of which the
research findings were expected to authenticate of disprove that:
(a)
There are varieties of audio-visual materials and equipment that can be used;
in school libraries.
(b)
The use of A/V materials and equipment increases chances of students
comprehension oft he subjects taught.
(c)
Audio-visual materials and equipment are not effectively used in school
libraries in Nigeria.
(d)
Many pupils in nursery and primary school and students in secondary school
cannot effectively use the A/V materials and equipment themselves.
(e)
Certain factors such as finance, accommodation and skilled manpower affect the
effective use of A/V materials and equipment in school libraries.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
To properly grasp the
content to his work, some concepts used need operational definition. Some of
the concepts are Audio-visual technology, school libraries, students and
academic performance.
1.7.1
Audio-visual Technology
Audio-Visual
Technology in this context simply means audiovisual materials and their
equipment of use. This term is usually inter changeably used with such terms or
concept as educational technology, Audiovisual resources, educational material
etc Educational technology according to Madu (2000) is a machinery or hardware
of education of education or a highly structured approach to teach like
programmed learning. The same Madu (2000) defined audiovisual as a combination
of audio and visual materials which are used in the instructional or learning
process to facilitate teaching and the Macmillan dictionary of
information technology as a general term for non-book materials that can be
viewed or listened to such as films filmstrips, tapes, and overhead
transparences. There are a wide categories of there materials and equipments as
have been briefly high lightened in the preamble.
1.7.2
SCHOOL LIBRARIES
School libraries are libraries found in
primary and secondary schools whose collection are simply for the young people.
However the scope of school libraries have expanded and so is the opinion of
experts in the field on what a modern school library should be. A school
library is presently referred to as a multimedia Center, Media Resource Centre,
School Media Centre, Instructional Resource Centre etc. The variation in
terminology not with standing. A school library is an information center
located in a school environment for ht purpose of providing information
services to support teaching and learning process of the school. To Iroha
(1985) a school library is a collection of wide variety of library materials
and resources housed in each school, centrally agonized by a staff
professionally to offer services to students and teachers that will enrich and
support the education programmes of the school.
From the definitions given, certain features of a school library are
discernible. It is an information center which contains both, books and
non-book materials and is organized and managed by a professionally
trained librarian or qualified teacher librarian who uses available information
resources to provide information to support teaching and learning
activities of the teachers and students.
The school library in this era of information revolution and has taken sweeping
wave of globalization, has taken a new dimension in a media content, function
and services.
It is am media Resource Centre and hence, emphasizes the provision and
utilization of both print and non-print and non-print media.
Essentially, a school library is aimed at achieving the following objectives.
a.
Support teaching and learning within the school system
b.
Promote the development of reading skills and encourage long term learning
through reading.
c.
Stimulate research and independent study
d.
Provide opportunities for further reading and use classroom textbooks
e.
Provide material for recreation and encourage students to read for pleasure.
f.
Provide pupils / students with vocational information leading to choice of a
suitable career.
1.7.3
Students: In this project, students is a generic term used to
designate school children in nursery, primary and secondary schools. They are
those who are taught by the teachers and they constitute a greater number of
users
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