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THE
PLACE OF PARENTS TEACHERS ASSOCIATION (PTA) IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF SECONDARY
SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed at identifying the place of parent teacher association in
the administration of schools in Esan West Local Government Area of Edo state.
The
instrument used for collection of data or information in this research is
mainly the questionnaire. The research question was administered to four
respond selected randomly in Esan West Local Government Areas of Edo State.
To
test in validity of the stated hypothesis from their response, it was
discovered that many of the respondents of this research is as result of
knowing how important the PTA in the society.
Some
findings were made in this research, which in the school to develop the place
of parents teacher association in Nigeria.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The act of passing on knowledge from one generation to the other is the role of
the parents. The parents are more effective in imparting discipline and
knowledge to students at the very grass root level. It is therefore a known
fact that all parents have the natural inclination to give their children the
good things of life they are capable of providing for them. And in the modern
age, the major task is on the provision of quality education and good standard
of living. In the light of this, parents have developed a very positive
interest in what goes on in school. It is this interest of parents in the
education of their children and wards in schools that gave birth to the
organization or formation called “Parents Teachers Association”.
During the latter
years of the 19th century, the Parents Teacher Association was first
organized by a group of women in America. The first meeting called “the
national congress of mothers” was actually held in 1877. It was this meeting
that stimulated the founding of the national congress was with the sole aim to
act in an advisory capacity of school in America pence. It now goes by the name
Parents Teacher Association {PTA} and the functions, now includes particularly
in curricular development policy making and setting standards in schools.
Abiola A.O. {1967} since Parents Teacher Association is concerned with the
student’s welfare and all round developments that is why parents are giving a
role in the administrative management of secondary school. This means that the
Parents Teachers Association is interested in the co-operation of the school
system.
It is generally expected that all heads of primary and post primary
institutions that is head master/headmistress and principals especially the
newly posted one should be able to organize and participate in teacher
association activities single handled to ginger the staff and students.
Therefore the home and schools must work hand in hand to achieve full
educational objectives. Parents are experienced people who are conversant with
child psychology and development.
They
therefore know the needs of their children at difference stages of development.
In view of this, the parents are in a better position to give useful advice to
teachers when necessary. Individual parents could be invited to school for
discussion on their children welfare. Such as personal cleanliness, behaviour
and general progress.
When
parents get home from those visits, they will see their children’s work and
also other work to compare. The principal with assistant of some staff could
point out the child weakness and give suggestions for improvement.
The
principal on his own part will also not fail to highlight the good point about
the children on the whole.
The
parents teacher association is a forum for teachers and parents to meet and
discuss issues relating to the welfare of the parents and teachers. The parents
teacher association meets once or twice a year as the case may be to discuss
matter affecting the students and teachers and general issues relating to the
schools. But it may be necessary to invite parents of students in affected
classes to discuss particular things affecting them. They turn out of the
parents teacher association on meeting depends on the publicity given among the
students.
The students therefore serve as a medium by which information about the parents
meeting reaches their parents usually when they attend matters discussed at
these meeting are usually at general application to a student and matter
affecting the town and discipline of the school.
The
more personal matters are dealt with by the head that invited them and
discussed with the parents, the more interest they have for the school. Through
the PTA meeting parents could be educated or enlightened. The benefits of the
parents teacher and students, it may be necessary to a talk on discipline and
causes, teachers delinquency through this the parents will have an insight into
the causes of the students problem and know more effective discipline when a
new subject or policy is to be introduced. The PTA meeting serves as a forum
for getting this across to the parents and teachers by the parents will be
aware of the current development in educational deals. Hence educational
advancement is regarded as the cornerstones for economical, political, social
and physical well being of nay country, it is an important fact that countries
all over the world give priority attention to education in their budget. In the
light of this, education is seen as an instrument of change. A further proof of
the importance of education is what Professor Edmond King (1969) says about it.
It says that many countries educational expenditure now preempts as much of the
budget as dispense if not more. In this education is seen universally as the
most national mean of building a wholesome of mankind. Nigeria as a country
recognizes education as a key to development and this reflects in the
phenomenal growth of such schools.
Since
her independence in 1960, Nigeria had only two universities as against fairly
six as the moment and some other ones being proposed and came into reality in
the 80s, which is the 6-3-3-4 system of education.
This
system was aimed at training students towards self-reliance and technological
orientation by different states and ethnic group of the federation. This is a
reflection of the increasing place education perform in the general growth and
development of the nation. The emergence of more secondary school and
government-increasing place in the sectors and government increasing
participating place of the parents teacher association in terms of
administration and funding. Today Nigeria budget close to 3 billion for the
educational sector.
The
massive investment in education is aimed at producing middle higher level
manpower needs that this manpower requirement can only be met if the primary
and secondary school are effectively programmed to give the necessary
background in education requirement by institutions of higher learning.
Secondary
schools can only play their place properly within the framework of effective
school management and administration. Effective administration of secondary
school may only be attempted through a complete democratization of the
administrative machinery that involves not only the education experts in the
state board of education, local government education authority, principals of
school but also teachers and parents who have a common view about the students
welfare. In the past, effective school administration was conceptualized in
terms of experts’ management by micro level and the principals of the schools.
Parents and teachers were to help the school. Hence many secondary schools had
at their signs of reading “parents may go beyond the point”. As time went on,
they will be realization that for any secondary school to be able to meet her
stated objectives that administration should not only be concentrated in the
hands of experts but also those directly concerned about the students which are
parents and teachers.
In other words, there
was the realization of conceptualization of the school as a micro society. It
was highly considered necessary the more people be involved in school
administration instead of learning decision-making. Over the years, the
democratization of schools administered of almost turning full circle for the
signs at school gate banning parents from going beyond particular points are
now gradually weaning out. Parents and teachers agencies in different state of
the federation have entered into association seems to be geared towards
improving communication between education providers and their consumers and
also to keep parents together. Most of the functions or duties school could be
adequately performed without the support of parents teachers association will
be known and called in this study as PTA in edo state after the government took
over school from private agencies in the year 1973. There seemed to be a
general wish to establish PTA in the school.
This wish again now reflects the increasing realization of the place of PTA.
The organisation of PTA in most school raises a number of questions as to;
a.
Whether the PTA provide fund for
school?
b.
Without the PTA, can the school raise
fund?
c.
How much has the PTA help in the
discipline of students in school?
Really,
the PTA provides funds for the school by way of levy or donation.
Secondly,
the school cannot raise levy without the PTA. This is because PTA represents
the community in which the school is built.
Finally,
PTA has influenced the discipline of students in schools.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Many factors gave rise to the formation of parents teacher association in
secondary schools especially in Esan West Local Government Area in Edo State.
It is likely that there are lacks of schools facilities. It could be due to
shortage of manpower, which may involve PTA’s negotiation.
Again,
it may be as a result of inadequate provision of school materials for students.
All these problems attract the intervention of the PTA. It is probably whether
PTA actually acts to assist school in matters relating for day to day running
of schools. Thus, a formal study of this nature on the influence of PTA in
school management is very important.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of parent teacher
association in the schools administration especially in Esan West Local
Government Area of Edo State. The PTA’s involvement in secondary school
administration is a kind of rendering assistance to government who always
emphasis self help development and this association help to promote discipline
among students by policies formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is
to identify the place of PTA in school administration.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
The place of parents teacher association in the administration of secondary
school is of great importance. Quite very often, people attribute the success
of most secondary school management to the existence of strong PTA organization
in schools.
This study is therefore significant in the sense that, it will throw more light
on what the students, teachers, principals and the general public perceived to
be the place of PTA in the administrative machinery of secondary school.
Again,
as a result of its contributions the principals might see their shortcoming and
involved in a more effective approach to school administration. The result of
the study may provide reliable information on the nature of principal’s
leadership in schools, to school board of education {state and local}. From
this, they may redefine the policy on which subsequent school administration
policies will be formulated.
Therefore,
this would enhance effective teaching/learning and administration in our
secondary schools. Other researchers might find the study useful particularly
the function of PTA in school administration of discipline.
RESEARCH QUESTION
The following research questions have been drawn up in order to enable the
readers to identify the functions of PTA in school administration.
i.
What are the roles of PTA play in the
provision of funds of schools.
ii.
Does PTA improve the academic or moral
twist of students?
iii. Does the absence of PTA in school affect the overall
development of the school system?
iv. Does the intervention of PTA in school affect the overall
development of the school system?
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