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THE
INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL
ABSTRACT
This
study is an attempt to look critically into the influence of instructional
materials on the teaching and learning in senior secondary school. Five (5)
senior secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area were selected for this
research work. The aims and objectives were clearly stated in chapter one.
Chapter two, some related literature were reviewed that discussed the various
types of instructional materials, their roles and importance, concepts of
teaching and learning. The methodology of this study was based purely on the
questionnaires method. Questionnaires were given to students in the various
schools sampled. The simple random sampling method was adopted and oral
interviews were also used by asking verbal questions from teachers. Lastly, the
findings of the research reveal that instructional materials have a very great
influence on the teaching and learning in the senior secondary school and
therefore, lack of these instructional materials is a major obstacle on the
teaching and learning in the senior secondary school. Based on the findings
recommendations were made.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
Title
page
Abstract
Table
of content
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problems
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Research question
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Basic assumptions
1.7 Limitation of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
CHAPTER
TWO
Review
of related literature
2.1
Instructional materials
2.2
Types and uses of instructional materials
2.3
The role of instructional materials inn teaching and learning
2.4
The concept of teaching and learning
CHAPTER
THREE
Method
of study (Methodology)
3.1
Research design
3.2
The population of the study
3.3
Sample and sampling techniques
3.4
instrument for data collection (Instrumentation)
3.5
validity and reliability of instrument
3.6
Method of data collection
3.7
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR
Data
presentation/Discussion of results
CHAPTER
FIVE
Summary,
Conclusion, Recommendation/Suggestions
5.1
Summary
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendations
5.4
Suggestion for further studies
REFERENCES
APPENDIX/QUESTIONNAIRES
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Successfully management and realization of objectives of
teaching and learning to a large extent can be attributed to many factors. Some
of these factors include the personality of the teacher, classroom building
learners characteristics availability and effective use of instructional
materials. The unique role of instructional materials as an integral part of
teaching and learning in classroom situation cannot be over emphasized. This is
to say that method of teaching will be grossly incomplete where instructional
materials are left out. It is a good policy to use as fully as possible
teaching materials that can be made available in school specially in the
secondary school in order to make teaching and learning more real, purposeful
and meaningful.
This was why the government in the then 6-3-3-4 system of
education subjects like Maths, English, Social Studies, Physics, History,
Biology, Fine Art, Chemistry, Economics, Literature in English, Home Economics,
Geography, etc and then share them into three groups as Art, Socio-Science and
Science subjects as one of the major intellectual achievement of the new
educational system. These various subjects are supposed to make man to know
understand and exercise some control over his environment and his community,
society, the business sector and possibly the world at large. Inspite of these
sharing of subjects in the senior secondary school curriculum the result of
students was not excellently for the students that graduated, from the research
carried out on the result on some students performance between 2001-2004.
The above
evidence shows that in the e arly 2000’s the rate of students failure in some
subjects was low and this is because the percentage of those who failed the
subjects was lower than the percentage of those who passed. In recent , between
2005-2010 students performance during the , during the West African Examination
Council (WAEC) in some subjects like Maths, English and Social Studies decline,
this is shown in the result of subjects offered in the examination written
between 2005-201, that one (1) out of every ten (10) students who sat for the
examination had an A3, while other nine (9) students were with other grade (C4,
C5, C6, P7, E8, F9), these could have resulted from various factors. Due to
inadequate instructional materials and lack of qualified personnel in the
educational sector such as teachers and masters of subjects resources persons.
Inspite of the instruction of the National Examination Council (NECO) to
complement that of West Africa Examination Council (WAEC) the result of the
students offering some of these core subjects have not change so much from what
it was in the recent past.
Though the results of students offering these subjects from
national Examination Council (NECO) have quite be encouraging the above survey
of students performance in these subjects under these core subjects
examination. Over the years shows that students performance in all these subjects
had been declining this may have resulted from the influence of the following
factors.
i.
Inadequate and lack of instructional
materials that are necessary for the teaching and learning process in senior
secondary schools.
ii.
Insufficient and unqualified resource
personnel for researches in the field and in teaching
iii.
Inabilities of the teachers to
improvise the necessary instructional materials for effective teaching of all
the subjects that they teach.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
For teaching and learning activities to be effective and
purposeful, the teacher has to make use of the right instructional materials.
It is in the light of the above that this study focuses attention on the
influence of instructional materials in the teaching and learning in some
selected senior secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo
State.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The study focuses attention on the influences of
instructional materials on teaching and learning in the senior secondary
school, specially the study will find out if the adequate utilization of
available instructional materials can influence the performance of the senior
secondary schools students specially in the class positively. The study will
also find out the factors that hinders the effective utilization of
instructional materials in the senior secondary schools, in addition the study
is aimed at finding out how instructional materials can be used in the class in
order to bring about the effective teaching and learning in the senior
secondary schools.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to achieve the purpose of the study the following
research questions were formulated to guide the investigation.
a. Does
instructional materials when made available relevant to the teaching and
learning of all the subjects in senior secondary school?
b. Does
the use of instructional materials being about effective teaching and learning
of socio science and all other subjects in secondary schools?
c. Does
the use of instructional materials increase students understanding of all the
subjects?
d. Does
the use of instructional materials in the class increase students retention of
the subjects matter of all the subjects taught?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study when completed will be beneficial to the
students, teachers, parents, and guardian and to the local, state and federal
government, to the students the studies are important because it will help them
to see how important the use of instructional materials are to their
understanding of all senior secondary school subjects, specially in the core
subjects. To parents and guardians this studies is of great importance because
it will help them to appreciate the importance of the use of instructional
materials to aid their children, understanding in all the subjects they are
taught. This will induce them to join hands with the school authorities to
provide all the necessary instructional materials needed to be used in the
senior secondary school classroom. The study is also important to the local,
state and federal government because it will help them to understand the place
of instructional materials in terms of pedagogical practice. This will make
them to provide all the necessary instructional materials for use in the senior
secondary schools and motivate the teachers financially.
1.6 BASIC ASSUMPTION
The study is based on the following assumptions
i.
The use of relevant instructional
materials influence students performance in senior secondary school.
ii.
The use of instructional materials by
the teachers increase intense understanding of subjects by the subjects matter.
iii.
That the involvement of all teachers in
improvisation of instructional materials influence the teaching positively
iv.
Adequate research of this effects was
made in Nigeria taking some selected schools in Oredo Local Government Area of
Edo State as a case study.
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