A STUDY OF THE COMMON DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL CLASS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN UHUNMWONDE L. G. A. OF EDO STATE
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A STUDY OF THE COMMON DIFFICULTIES
ENCOUNTERED BY STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL CLASS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN
UHUNMWONDE L. G. A. OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out in order
to know the common difficulties encountered by students in chemistry practical
class in secondary schools in Uhunmwonde LGA of Edo State. The number of
teachers and students involved were about fifty two students and seven for
teachers respectively. The criteria used for the selection of the schools was
based on their past performance in SSCE (2006-2009). This research was based on
four hypotheses, the four hypotheses were validated and they are:
There is shortage of qualified
chemistry teachers in secondary schools.
School laboratories are inadequately
equipped.
There is over-population in
laboratory rooms.
Insufficient practical periods on
the time table
The schools involved include the
following
-
Obadan Secondary school, school
-
Eyaen secondary school, Eyaen
-
Egba secondary school
-
Urukposa secondary school
-
Ekose grammar school, Ekose
The data for this was obtained
through the use of questionnaires, oral interview and the records of the SSCE
(2006-2009) the following conclusions were arrived at:
i.
Enough
named chemistry teachers who would be able to perform and teach practical,
immensely contribute to the brilliant performance of students in chemistry.
ii.
Equipped
chemistry laboratory enable the teacher the students to carryout practical
exercise effectively.
iii.
Students
in a school that has sufficient laboratory rooms and time allocated to the
teaching chemistry practical perform better in chemistry examination. From this
findings, it was recommended that:
Government
should endeavour to provide adequate and equip laboratories, classroom blocks
and enough qualified teachers.
iv.
The
6-3-3-4 system of education should not be seen as a change to subject matter
but an introduction of the technological orientation.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Research hypothesis
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Scope and delimitation
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology
Research design
Study Population
Study sample
Sampling procedure
Research Instrument
Validity and Reliability of instrument
Administration of the questionnaires
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Analysis of data
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
Recommendation
Conclusion
Recommendations
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
INTRODUCTION
The technological advancement of any
country depends on the scientific background of such country. Chemistry
teaching practical to be précised has been faced with a lot of problems. More
atempts have been made to find solutions to these problems. Accordingly,
Nigeria students, studying chemistry are expected to be taught what chemistry
is (STAN, 1970). They are expected to acquire scientific skills of observing,
reporting, organizing of information, generalizing, predicting or speculating
and designing experiment to test hypothesis.
The teaching strategies used in
carryout chemistry practical prescribed for developing these skills in the
laboratory rooms include:
a.
The
involvement to students in opening ended field or laboratory work.
b.
The
inclusion of problems-solving activities
c.
The
use of discovery teaching tactics whenever appropriate.
On the contrary, the inadequacy of
basic laboratory infrastructures and technical personnel which are involved in
the teaching of chemistry practical, have manned this methods. As a result, the
objectives of teaching and learning of practical and experimental exercise
which are geared towards improving the preparation of scientific background for
technological advancement have not been achieved.
Several difficulties encountered
serves as an impediment not only to chemistry practical but also to the
teaching of chemistry in secondary school some of these difficulties
encountered would be enumerated later in this research.
1.2
STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
Chemistry as a science subject is
taught in most secondary schools in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area of Edo
State. Almost all science students in these school offer chemistry (the
practical in particular) because of its vital role as one of the basic science
subjects relevant in science profession. Inspite of students interest and
reactions towards chemistry practical, they perform poorly in chemistry in
their final examination as a result of the way they were been taught by their
chemistry teacher. The questions that come to mind are what are the problems of
teaching chemistry practical in schools? Could it be as a result of lack of
laboratories in schools, lack of laboratory attendance, or lack of qualified
personnel or inability of the teachers to use the laboratory equipment in
teaching? This has been a great concern to most people. And it forms the
essence of this project.
1.3
PURPOSE
OF STUDY
The purpose of this study is to
examine the difficulties encountered by students in chemistry practical in
secondary schools in Uhunmwonde Local Government Area of Edo State. And also
suggest ways in which the teaching of chemistry practical may be
improved.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
Science has been recognized in the
nation’s education. Hence the new system of education (6-3-3-4 system of
education) lays much emphasis in science. Therefore at the end of this
research, teacher trainers should be able to equip the chemistry, teachers with
a suitable solution to problems as well as ideas for teachings of chemistry
practical in secondary schools. This study will be of great importance to the
society as well as the nation at large because of its scientific, social,
economic, and technological value particularly the students as their reasoning
faculty and their creative skills may be improved through effective methods of
teaching.
1.5
HYPOTHESIS
There are several difficulties
encountered by students in chemistry practical class in the secondary schools.
The following hypotheses are stated in the alternative form.
1.
There
is shortage and lack of qualified personnel in teaching profession.
2.
School
laboratories are inadequately equipped
3.
Insufficient
time is allocated to chemistry on the time table.
4.
There
is over crowding/population in classrooms.
1.6
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Laboratory: It is a place
for experimental studies.
Inadequate laboratory: Insufficient
laboratories
Poorly equipped laboratory: This is
laboratory with little or no equipment to carryout the necessary experiment for
effective and efficient learning.
Well equipped laboratory: A laboratory
that contains all the necessary equipment for experimental or practical
learning.
Profession: Career which
require advance education and special training.
Final examination: West African
School Certificate Examination and senior school certificate examination
(SSCE).
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