A STUDY OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG ABUSE AMONG STUDENTS IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS. A CASE STUDY OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, EKIADOLOR BENIN CITY
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A STUDY OF THE FACTORS
INFLUENCING DRUG ABUSE AMONG STUDENTS IN HIGHER INSTITUTIONS. A CASE STUDY OF
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, EKIADOLOR BENIN CITY.
ABSTRACT
This research is to look into issue of drug among
higher institution students. The findings of this study are on factors
influencing College of Education students Ekiadolor in use of drugs and the
type of drugs individual uses. To get the required information, a questionnaire
was designed and administered. On analyzing the data collected, it was
discovered that the students of College of Education Ekiadolor knowledge of
drug was limited to the drugs used freely in their environment and those that
can be got cheap from local chemist shops. The research however shows that
knowledge of drugs does not mean getting involved and more over most of the
drug users get these drugs from local chemist shops. The reasons for drug
involvement are seen to be for examination purposes, helping them stay awake
during examination.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter one – introduction
Background of the study
Statement of problem
Purpose of study
Significance of the study
Scope of study
Limitation
Definition of terms
Chapter two – Review of related
literature
Origin of drug use and abuse
Reasons for drug abuse
Scope of drug and classification
Drug commonly abused
Adolescent involvement in drug use and abuse
The social problems of drug and abuse
Chapter three
Population
Sample
Sampling procedure
Research instrument
Administration of data collection
Method of data analysis
Analysis of data
Chapter four
Presentation, analysis and discussion of result
Chapter five
Summary
Recommendation
Conclusion
References
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Drug is any chemical substance derived from plants, animals or mineral
resources, be it traditional or orthodox which is used for internal application
to the human body in the treatment of diseases, reduce pain or modify the
functions of the various system of the body.
Although drug use has been in for years, the problem of drug abuse has been on
the increase in the recent years.
Drug is supposed to be dispersed by pharmacists with a doctors prescription and
usage of drug can be through any of the following; injection, insertion,
inhalation, massaging or application on open wounds and cuts. The main purpose
of drugs should in reality be directed to its medical functions and it should
be used strictly according to the prescription of medical doctors, but in most
cases people use drug without the prescription of medical practice. This is
referred to as drug abuse. In some cases, these drugs are used wrongly or
misused that is using drug meant for certain purposes for other purposes rather
than what it is meant for. There are other cases where some people get
themselves involved in the use of a particular drug so much that they cannot do
without such drug. In this case such a person is said to be addicted to that
drug.
PEOPLE ABUSE DRUG FOR DIFFERENT
REASONS
1.
For
modification of tension and anxiety: For example sedatives;
medically, sedatives are use to induce sleep and relax tension. They are used
for people with high blood pressure insomnia that is inability to sleep usually
abuse sedatives. Now teenage girls and women are consuming sedative more and
more frequently.
2.
To
increase activities and alertness: For example stimulant like
cocaine, caferreine and amplietamines are mostly widely abused stimulant among
youths. Usually stimulants are taken through by mouth in form of capsules or
tablets but the occasional user of capsules or tablets can push him/her self
beyond his normal physiological limits e.g. wanting to step awake to drive to
excel in an athletic content or to cram for examination.
3.
Curiosity:
Students find themselves in the use of drugs out of curiosity. They want to
know how it looks like in being on a certain drugs and drugs that are commonly
used out of curiosity are cigarettes, marijuana and alcohol.
4.
Imitation: Students
takes drugs as a result of imitation of either from their parents, other adult
or their friends.
5.
For
boldness: Students take certain drug because they feel it
will remove inhibition from them and make them bold e.g. shy young boys under
the influence of drugs can speak to a girl they he could not have made advance
towards.
6.
For fun: Others
go into drugs for the fun of it and that also feel that drug can enable the
have a lot of fun.
FOUR GROUPS OF DRUG USERS ARE
GENERALLY IDENTIFIED AND THESE ARE:
1.
Emotionally
well adjusted individuals who take addicting drugs on medical advice for
treatment of pain, sleeplessness and the like after protected use they find
that they cannot get along without them.
2.
the
neurotics who turn to drug because drugs makes them forget their feelings of
inadequacy and fear making them feel better and more normal either physically,
mentally or both. These contribute to longest group of drug abusers.
3.
The
psychopaths who take drugs in a deliberate search for thrills highs and kicks.
4.
Individual
usually adolescent who try drugs in order to be accepted by their peer group.
Most of these young ones usually
start from this group and if the habit is continued grave consequences may
follow. Trying a relatively less detrimental drug such as cannabis may expose
the young one to other drugs like heroine, cocaine and morphine.
Man has used drug and substances
of centuries. There is evidence that man has used drug practically since his
emergence. Historical records show that man used drug to cast out demons which
were thought to be causing pain in his body. The use of psychoactive
drugs may be seen to be a universal phenomenon existing in one form or the
other. Alcohol and kolanuts are used during worship of ancestral gods, marriages
and funeral ceremonies.
According to Emaifo {1988} drug
addiction was unknown in Nigeria until the arrival of the American Peace Corps.
This statement cannot be entirely true because Nigerians were already abusing
and getting themselves addicted to kolanuts and alcohol before the arrival of
the Peace Corps. The statement can only be true of foreign drugs which were
introduced this time.
Scientist and historians traced
the origin of tobacco to north America where it was first cultivated by
American Indians before the Europeans went to the new world in 1492 when
Christopher Columbus discovered there.
It should be noted that when
drugs are mentioned, the emphasis is always on orthodox medicine and not
traditional medicine. The history of drug use and abuse will be incomplete if
no mention is made about traditional use of drug and abuse. Most traditional
drugs are always misused or abused because of lack of dosage to determine the
required quantity by the user. The expiration period of such drugs are never
stated.
Although the use of traditional
drugs as well as alcohol and kolanut has been abuse before the arrival of Peace
Corps. In recent years where there is the usage of both traditional and foreign
drugs people now being used. Some of these drugs are socially accepted and
members of the public ignorantly use them without really knowing the great
effect of such drugs. E.g. alcohol has always been part of the heritage either
as part of rituals or other ceremonies. The use of alcohol to relax and promote
social conversation is greatly use of alcohol and its social acceptability,
alcohol is capable of producing severe dependence and damage to physical health
and mental health including social and economic damage on self, family and
society.
Caffeine which is the main
ingredient in tea or coffee and nicotine as in tobacco or cigarette are widely
used as mid stimulants and tension relieving drugs, they are considered
socially acceptable and used recreationally how ever, they produce dependence
and are able to cause harm.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Due to the problem encounter in the use of drug and the causes of drug abuse,
the researcher wishes to examine the factors influencing drug abuse among
students in higher institution. The following questions are to be investigated.
1.
Why do
students involve in drug abuse?
2.
How do
the students engage in drug abuse?
3.
What do
they think they benefit from the use of drug?
4.
Do the
students feel comfortable in using of drugs?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of undertaking this study is principally educative. The study
will specially investigate the following:
i.
To find
out the reason why student of college of education Ekiadolor in the study areas
abuse drugs.
ii.
To find
out the effect of the abuse of drug on students of college of education
Ekiadolor.
iii.
To find
out influence of peer group on student of college of education Ekiadolor as
regards drug abuse.
iv.
To find
out how parents and family background contribute to drug abuse problems.
v.
To find
out influence of the society on students as regards drug abuse.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.
It will
enable the students see the dangers involved in drug abuse this will go a long
way to help these students who already in one way or the other abused drugs to
reconsider their ways and as such offer solution to the problems of drug abuse.
To educate them on the bad effect of drug abuse.
2.
This
study will help to educate parents on the bad effect of drug abuse and also
help them to see that they have a regular check on their children so that they
do not become victims of drug abuse.
3.
This
study will help the government handle drug abuse as an illness and not as a
crime and as such all drug abusers diagnosis and treatment under medical
supervision instead of the hard judgement meant for them.
SCOPE OF STUDY
The study centres on the College of Education, Ekiadolor students.
DEFINITION OF
TERMS
In this study, there are certain words that need to be simplified or defined
ion order to make its meaning clearer.
i.
Drugs: Drug is
any chemical substance that is derived from plants and animals or mineral
resources be it traditional or orthodox which is used for internal or external
application to the human body in the treatment of diseases or to induce clam,
reduce pains or modify the functions of the various system of the body.
ii.
Substance:
Substance are chemical combination of drugs in order words drug made up of
combination of chemical substance and substance can as well be refer to as
those build up charge like alcohol, tobacco, cigarette and kolanuts.
iii.
Drug use: Drug use
is the ingestion, injection or the application of any substances which when
taken in into the body of living organism may modify one or more of its
function, this includes not only medical also intended primarily active
substance.
iv.
Drug
misuse: Is the over zealous or indiscrete administration
of drugs by using drug meant for certain purposes for another purpose rather
than what it is meant for.
v.
Drug
addiction: Drug addiction is the dependence on a substance
with the presence of physical withdrawal symptoms.
vi.
Psychoactive
drugs: This is defined as in alternating drugs.
vii.
Habitualism: This is
the dependence on a substance without the presence of physical; withdrawal
phenomena. Thus it is the psychological desire to repeat the use of these
drugs, continuously for emotional reasons.
viii.
Dependence: It is a
state of psychological or physical need to both resulting from the interaction
between an organism and a substance resulting from continuously or periodic use
which is characterized by behavioural deviation.
ix.
Tolerance: Is
defined as the situate ion when the same amount of substance can no longer
produce the effects and the individual than needs higher amount to produce the
same effects.
x.
Withdrawal: Is the
situation when unpleasant sensation such as shaking, seating tremors,
frightening feelings and some times hallucination and delusions occurs when the
drug is stopped.
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