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A
SURVEY OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE GROWTH OF CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY IN
ENUGU METROPOLIS
(A
CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction
1.1
Background of the
Study
1.2
Statement of the
Problems
1.3
Objective of the
Study
1.4 Research
Hypothesis
1.5 Significance of
the
Study
1.6 Scope and
the Delimitation of the Study
1.7 Definition
of Important
Terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literatures
Review
2.1
Types of Cooperative Societies
2.2
The Role of Cooperative in Rural
Development
2.3
How Cooperative can Eradicate
Poverty
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Design and
Methodology
3.1
Research
Design
3.2
Sources of
Data
3.3
Population of the
study
3.4
Sample
size
3.5
Determination of Sample
size
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Data Presentation and
Analysis
4.1
Presentation of Responses from Questionnaire
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Summary of
Findings, Conclusions and Recommendation
5.1
Summary Of
Findings
5.2
Recommendation
5.3
Conclusion
References
Appendix
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
It is not easy to
state exactly when cooperative started, what is known is that there were traces
of cooperative related organization in the ancient Egypt as early as
3600BC. There were also recorded of cooperative ideas in the ancient
Greek, Roman and Chinese cultures. During the middle ages, cooperative
ideas were in the form of guilds with the aims of uniting workers to meet there
common needs. During the 13th century, the first farmers
cooperative were recorded when a group of sip diary farmer made Cheese
cooperatively. In the new world, early Americans also experimented with
cooperative. The colonist worked jointly on many self survival projects.
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
There have always
been instance in the history of human society where individuals have come
together to achieve certain aims in cooperative with others. In most
tribal societies, this has been a common features. However, these common
effect were usually directed at fulfilling a certain temporary need.
Organization cooperative business ventures of a mere permanent character were
comparatively rare through some example can be found throughout history in the
middle ages as well as in classical times.
Form creation, man had always shown a sign of working together. The Igbo man
had a proverb which buttress this more, “when a man is in difficulty, he seeks
for help from another but when an animal is, it cannot turn to another. In
rural areas, small farmers become increasing indebted to various money
tenders. These money lenders exploited the fact that the farmer who had
loved mere or less at subsistence level was now in desperate need of money to
buy supplies for the culturaion of cash crops, to buy mere modern equipment,
and to pay taxes, which formerly had been collected in kind. The resulting
social unrest and insecurity provided a fertile ground for ideas for a new
soci1al and economic orders. The rise and expansion of the modern
cooperative movement has it roots in the far reaching economic, social and
political changes which took place in Europe in the café eighteenth and all
through the nineteeth century, especially the revolution and the liberation of
the pleasantly from the farmer feudalistic system.
Furthermore, of this the Enriguezwe C. G. (1986), wrote that man’s environment
in cooperative is essentially for improving the existing social order, achieving
mere happiness in life, bring to man mere human dignity and bring about social
societies for mere attraction opportunities elsewhere.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS
In spite of the
achievements recorded during the period under review, the organization is still
today beset with some serious problems, which are hampering its growth and
health development. The main ones are as follows:
-
Lack of Finance: There exist two main sources of revenue for financing
co-operative activities namely, internally generated funds of the unions and
loans and grants from government and secondary financing agencies. With regard
to internally generated funds the small size of the average primary
co-operative society constitutes a serious constraint on the ability of such
union to generate and mobilize funds for their own subsistence. The loans
and grants provided by the state governments and their secondary financing
agencies have similarly proved inadequate for the number of union in vowed.
This has created a serious problem. All previous efforts made to increase
the average size of each primary co-operative organization to make it viable
have not so four yielded much result.
-
Lack of Effective Leadership and Qualified Personnel: Since most of he
leaders entrusted with the responsible for meaning co-operative societies have
to been properly trained and exposed to modern management techniques, the
unions have generally been operating under poor management, ineffective control
and sometimes resulting to heavy financial losses. The co-operative
societies are therefore seldom able to compete effectively with ordinary
business organizations or sustain the confidence of their members. The
situation has been
worsened by the high
turn over of officials who are deserting the between its affiliated
organizations, to safeguard the interest of the co-operative movement in all
its forms, to promote friendly and economic relations between the co-operative
organizations of the types nationally and internationally, to work fro the
establishment of lasting peace and security, to protect public money invested
in co-operatives in the form of grant, loans, subsides, infrastructures, to
ensure that co-operative conform to government policy and do not pursue illegal
objectives and to promote self help and encourage self reliance.
-
Inadequate public awareness
Lack of public
awareness about the existence and usefulness of the cooperative movement of the
its potentials for catering for the its potentials for catering for the welfare
of members has prevented many potential members from joining the movement. More
vigorous public enlightenment programmes are essential to more co-operative
forward.
The recent increase
in government involvement in the activities of the co-operative movement
especially by way of providing funds and expertise to assist in running the
various co-operative unions, through FEAP, is expected to result in increased
membership of the movement. The government involvement and encouragement
development through self help, mobilizing development resources at the lower
and middle income level and providing effective organizations that can attract
credit as well as provide a vehicle for the implementation of government
economic policies and progarmmes.
Agricultural co-operative and credit societies, consumers co-operative,
building societies and other similar organization will be encouraged and given
all necessary assistance to enable them discharge their functions effectively
discharge their function effectively self help with government support where
necessary adopt for the promotion of co-operative societies.
With the high rate of co-operative graduates coming out from our higher
institutions nowadays, it is expected that the problem of lack of effective
leadership and qualified manpower will be at its minimum in the next century,
culminating in an adequate public awareness of the importance and benefits of
co-operatives.
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
-
Co-operative society can be defined as an autonomous association of persons
united voluntary to meet their common united voluntarily to meet their common
economic social and cultural needs and aspiration, social and cultural owned
and aspiration through a jointly owned and democratically controlled
enterprises. The following are the objectives of co-operative
organizations in the country, such as follows, to maintain good relations
justice to all.
-
In spite of these favourable
conditions the co-operative movement would scarcely have had the upsurge and
astonishingly fast growing if it has not been for a group of dedicated
philanthropists, politicians, churchmen and civil servants who promoted
co-operative by instilling general enthusiasm for its ideals or by showing the
way through practical examples.
-
Though the result especially from the philanthropists, were sometimes hard to
discern, their ideas still served as inspiration for some or time to come.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
Do corporative society encounter any problems?
2.
In what ways can be problems be solved?
3.
What are the causes of the problems?
4. Is there any
ways corporative society can be affected in their growth of development?
5. In what ways
can the problems hindered the growth of cooperative society?
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
A co-operative is ;a
plan humanic business organization formed by individual who are desirous of
pooling themselves and their resource together to form a democratically
controlled organization devoid of pecuniary gain. The uniqueness of
co-operative are its flexibility permits it to be practiced among; farmers,
fishermen, Artisans, industrial and commercial works, drivers, students,
marketmen and women etc.
Membership of co-operative cut across men and women the poor and the rich, the
bourgeois and the preliterate’s, producers, and consumers, the literate and
illiterates, the mighty and the low. Cooperative may be defined as
a voluntary association of persons grapping with the same socio-economic
problems, and legally constituted, to ensure the common needs of its members
democratically, providing services at cost or and sharing benefit in proportion
to use.
Let us briefly elaborate on each of these characteristics such as follows;
A cooperative is open to patrons only. A patron is one who make use of
services being offered thus, some one who is likely to take loans is a
potential patron of a credit co-operative society and a former is a likely
patron of a produce marketing society. In this context, a patron is to
distinguished from a mere “investor” who buys shares in a business is
expectations of profits but who may never patronize the product of that
enterprises. A co-operative is open to patrons only, conversely no potential
patron in its area of operation should be barred from membership for petty
reasons like ethnicism, party policies, sex or social class. No body can
be compelled to join a cooperative. Co-operative are voluntary, non
government organizations. People join co-operative only if they perceive
that cooperative can render their needed series. Co-operative must be
legally constituted and incorporated. They must be registered with the
government. Registration makes a cooperative a legal entity distinct from
its members able to own properly, to sue in court for damages or breach of
contract and to be sued for it. Until a society is registered, it can
only be a pre-cooperative.
1.7 DEFINITION OF
IMPORTANT TERMS
The term cooperative
can be used in its generic term to cover a wide area of activities which two or
more people join together either formerly or in formerly on adhoc or permanent
basis, for legal or illegal or socially accepted or unaccepted action to
fulfill certain aims.
Such actions may be selfish in nature or may be in the interest of those
performing the action without it being detrimental to any one else.
However, cooperative is often used in the positive sense. It is also used
in a much narrower sense to mean activities undertaken by cooperative
organizations. Put simply, therefore, cooperative society can be refers as an
autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common
economic, social and cultural needs and aspiration through a jointly owned and
democratically controlled enterprise.
Agricultural
Co-operatives: There are societies which
Embrace
all classes of people earning a livelihood on the hand ranging from the former
who rents some plots of across to the peasant family which works its own
holding with its own labor.
Artisanal
Co-operatives: These are co-operative formed
by
skilled workers employing themselves and perhaps a few journey men and
apprentice in handicrafts or related branches of trade.
Marketing
Co-operatives: These are co-operative
established
to market the agricultural produce of the members. Usually formed by great
quantity producer who are faced with the problem of selling their produce to
distance market at favourable returns.
Consumer
Co-operatives: They are co-operatives which
embrace
people whose standard of living depends mainly or entirely on the purchasing
power of wages, salaries, or pensions, put the other way, the great mass of
industrial and clerical workers and the urban population.
Fishery
Co-operatives: These are societies for those
Whose
livelihood is gained by off shared or deep see fishery or fishing. They
are the counterpart of agricultural co-operatives.
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