A SURVEY OF THE FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST FEMALE EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOL IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA EDO STATE
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A
SURVEY OF THE FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST FEMALE EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOL
IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
The parents of old did believed that whatsoever investment as per western
education the same female are going to end up in their husband kitchen. This
mentality thus affected females going to school as it all ends up having
ninety-nine percent of the female gender being a full time illiterate. Though
this whole is being summarized by an acronyms WEEK , which implies
W – Women
E – Education
E – Ends in the
K – Kitchen
Thus t he persistent imbalance and hindrances to female education stem
primarily from:
-
Early
marriage
-
Cultural
and religious factors
-
Parent
sentimental attachment on male children.
-
Women
being perceived as housewives performing strictly domestic work.
-
Perception
of parents and society as to what should consolidate the actual role of women
in the society.
Therefore with this came the
following reasons why women education should be set up.
1.
To enable
women improve their family health.
2.
To
increase women productive ability.
3.
To give
women access to appropriate technology, management of cooperatives and the use
of loan facilities.
4.
To
improve women social and cultural status.
5.
To enable
women discharge their responsibilities with the objectives.
a.
To create
awareness among women
b.
To
eradicate illiteracy among women
c.
To
improve the quality of women in society.
d.
To ensure
that the rights and concern of women are addressed to ensure successful and
even development process.
e.
To awaken
consciousness of all women to the need for the development of a positive self
image.
f.
To
re-orientate the attitude of all females irrespective of age toward
education.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter
One
1.1
Background
to the study
1.2
Statement
of problem
1.3
Research
question
1.4
Objective
1.5
Significance
of the study
1.6
Scope and
limitation
1.7
Definition
of terms
Chapter Two
2.1
Literature
Review
2.2
Concept
of women education
2.3
Reasons
for women education
2.4
Objective
of women education
2.5
Classes
of women with special needs.
2.6
Factors
militating against women education
2.7
Prospects
of women education
2.8
Exceptional
women (female)
2.9
Conclusion
Chapter Three
3.1
Population
of the study
3.2
Sample
and sampling procedure
3.3
Research
instrument
3.4
Method of
data collection
3.5
Method of
data analysis
Chapter Four
4.1
Presentation
and analysis of data
Chapter Five
5.1
Summary
5.2
Conclusion
and Recommendations
References
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
There was a census that was taken with as aim of getting the proportion of
illiteracy between men and women. It was discovered that the ratio was of 9:1
that is nine illiterate women to one man. Prior to the above findings a young
researcher by name Osayogie O. (2002) did attest the reasons for this with an
acronyms-WEEK meaning.
W - Women
E - Education
E - End in the
K - Kitchen
According to Osayogie (2002), “the parents of old did believe that whatsoever
investment as per western education done on a female is a waste since the same
females are going to end up in their husband kitchen. This mentality thus
affected girls (females) going to school as it all ends up having 99%
(ninety-nine percent) of the female gender being a full time illiterate.
With education as an instrument of propagating the values of the society and
with the relative success of woman in almost all professions and governmental
post, societal activities vis-avis, parent have completely changed to granting
female equal social and education right. In the view of Ogwuozo (1992) and
Nwabunwene (2000), the persistent imbalance and hindrance to female education
stem primarily from:
1.
Perception of parents and society as to what should constitute the actual role
of women in the society.
2.
Parent’s favourite investment on the education of males who will perpetuate the
family name rather than their daughters.
3.
Inadequate education resources especially in the rural areas. With this the
students are cut-off from using educational facilities and services (both human
and non human) such as the library, laboratories and guidance services that
result into high failure and drop out most especially of the female students.
4.
Curriculum content not fully taught to students, which work against their
enthusiasm for entry the university to read specialized or professional
courses.
5.
The labour market and the family size.
In addition, Osayogie (2000) did argue
that parents in Nigeria do believe male children are better of than female
children, the reason for this, they say: the male children extends the family
traits as the family name4 dies not, but the female children gets married and
then starts answering the husbands name, with regard to this they believe
educating the male child lead the family name to educational stability. The
need to give attend to the education of women and girls in our country is not
only for them to discover themselves, but because of the increase contribution
which education will enable them to make to the economic, social and political
development of the nation. In the world of Obe (1971) women’s potential
contribution towards their societies may be summarized under three headings
these are home making, professional work, and public life.
First, as
homemakers, a woman can by knowledge, skill and energy enhance the level of
living in her own home. She can improve the nutritional content of the family
means by better understanding of deities. She can add to the comfort and
amenities of her house. She can improve family health by better hygiene and
childcare, she can male clothes, grow better and more varied crops in her
garden or plot. Above all, she as an educated mother which can understand
better and contribute to the schooling which her children receive.
Secondly, she
can learn to fill the jobs badly needed in her country, where skills are in
short supply, teaching, medicine, nursing, secretarial work, social works,
mechanical, clerical etc. the number of female professionals is on the
increase, women who had the opportunity to lead in various establishment and
are still leading have no been proven to perform below their male counterparts.
Nigeria as a country can boast of her illustrious daughters such as professor
Grace Allele Williams (the first female vice chancellor in Nigeria) and a lot
of other women of her class.
Thirdly, there is a civil contribution
to be made by women. In some countries, women have made a particular notable
contribution to public life. Countries such as Britain, Indian and Israel,
which have had women prime ministers and the scattering of other countries
which have women ambassadors, women members of legislators, ministers and some
paramount chiefs. It is of cour5se, not only at these high levels that women
have a part to play, but lower down the line in the community below to.
Women’s emergence from the home is
often first of all into some kind of community organisation for women’s association
fro sharing of mutual interest and social occasions such group may be feminist
in intention but quite often they are equally concerned with the sharing of
knowledge or efforts on topics of common local on domestic interest.
In this regards some prospects of women
education can be said to be very numerous, though some includes:
1.
Enhancing the women to function effectively in the modern economic systems.
2.
It makes them stable and pleasant even when under stress.
3.
It equips women with self-confident self-esteem and a desire for respect and
accuracy.
4.
It makes them understand complex issues associated with modern times.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
This study is specially concerned with
many and varied problems of the female (factors militating female education in
Egor Local Government Area).
a.
Do poverty or economical constraints serve as a factor militating against
female education?
b.
What are the cultural belief towards female education.
c.
Do the government encourage female education.
d.
What are the perception of the general public towards female education?
e.
How does early marriage influence female education?
f.
What is the reflection of illiterate female in the society?
g.
How far has the essence of female education attained.
h.
What is the percentage of female in school?
1.3
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
To guide the research the following
questions were posed by the researcher:
1.
What are the factors that are affecting female education?
2.
Do poverty or economical constraints affect female education?
3.
Does early marriage affects female education?
4.
Is there still discrimination in our society about female educational life?
1.4 OBJECTIVE
OF STUDY
Due to the mentality of the general public female have being denied the right
of education as such bring about the alarming rate of illiterate mother,
females or girls in the society at large. Attempts would be made to identify
the factors militating against female education in Egor Local Government Area
and as such proffer reasonable and translating solutions to these problems.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
It is expectancy that findings from
this study will help in the follows areas.
1.
Identify how poverty or economic standard influence female education and their
belief positively?
2.
Find the cultural belief towards female education and their influence the
belief positively?
3.
Encourage government and voluntary organisation to support/encourage female
education.
4.
Identify the prospects of female education proffering ways as which it can be
attained.
5.
Identify the influence of early marriage on female education.
6.
Identify the perception of the general public towards female education?
7.
Find the reflection of the illiterate female in the society.
8.
Identify the importance of female education.
1.7 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Ø Acronyms:
These are words formed from the initial letter of a name e.g. NASA meaning
materials Aeronautics and space administration.
Ø Counter-Part:
A person on thing exactly like, or closely corresponding to another.
Ø Curriculum:
Course of study in a school.
Ø Education:
According to Omiegbe (1998) “Education itself is the development of an
individual through training transmission of what is worthwhile to the point
that he is able to fit into his environment and contribute to the best of his
ability, to the well being of the society.
Ø Illiterate:
Adjective with little or no education, unable to read or write showing such
ignorance. Mutual: Adjective (of love, friendship, respect, etc) shared
exchange equally, (of feelings, opinions etc) held in common with others.
Ø Society:
Social way of living customs etc of a civilized community system whereby people
live together in organized communities.
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