ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARDS POSTING TO RURAL AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF OKITIPUPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE
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ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARDS POSTING
TO RURAL AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF OKITIPUPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to examine
the role of the parent teacher association (PTA) in the development of primary
schools in Okitipupa Local Government Area of Ondo State. To achieve this, the
researcher utilizes the questionnaire as the instrument for eliciting responses
from the respondents, oral interview were conducted with the respondents.
Findings revealed that parent teachers association (PTA) has played a crucial
role in the development of schools teachers association has played a based on
findings recommendations were made. This is with a view of enhancing the role
of parent teachers association, most in Ondo State of Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Statement of problem
Research questions
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Scope of the study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Review of related literature
Origin and growth of PTA
Moral and cultural development
Mental development
Financial education
Chapter education
CHAPTER
THREE
Methodology
Research design
Population sample
Characteristics of samples
Sampling procedure
Research instrument
Collection of data
Data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Analysis, interpretation and discussion of data
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, conclusion and recommendations
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendations
BIBLIOGRAPHY
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Which
ever way one wants to define education, whether literal or vocational, it is
regarded as an instrument for change and resources for development (N. P. E.,
2004). According to Fagana in Urevbu’s foundation and methods of education
(1991) he noted that the introduction of Christianity was common strategy that
as soon as a station was a school, to which they tried to recruit young ones
who would become easily attracted. The schools were to train manpower who would
be more easily attracted. The schools were to train manpower who would
successfully serve as catechists, interpreters, clerks, court messengers etc.
to enhance their evangelical activities.
The
first mission nary school was established in Badagry, a rural area in Lagos
State in 1842 by Thomas Berch Freeman of the Western Methodist Missionary
Society. Since the missionaries were in control over these schools before
government involvement, schools in the rural areas were adequately staffed and
teachers were doing their jobs effectively. These rural areas are villages or
communities characterized by the smallness of population, poor housing or
accommodation. The existence of untarred roads and low level of commercial
activities. The occupation of the people is basically agriculture and they are
handicapped by poor health care services, non availability of potable water, no
electricity, inadequate transportation and communication system.
With
the above characteristics plaguing the rural areas, teachers posted to such
areas protest their posting in favour of urban centres that are characterized
with basic facilities not found in the rural areas. Some teachers even give
flimsy excuses such as family separation, road hazard and medical check up to
remain in urban centres through connection or lobbying. This has led to mass
rural to urban centres, thereby creating vacuum in the number of teachers left
to teach the less privileged students in the rural schools. The state
government with particular to Edo state imposed a three year compulsory rural service
for newly employed teachers before they are transferred from one school to
another or from rural area to urban centres. This measure had not work` out to
remain in urban centres all their basic and social amenities are available. To
compound this problem, those who are fortunate to be in the urban centres
develop the sit tight syndrome.
The
question now is that should we allow the rural schools to be phased out because
of negative attitude of teachers towards them or will the government create a
conducive and enabling environment in the rural areas to attract teachers to
their schools? It is therefore pertinent to identify the attitude of teachers
towards teaching in the rural areas as a case study.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There
is no gain saying the fact that no educational system can rise above the
quality of its teachers (N. P. E., 2004). Education as a veritable instrument
for change unlocks the doors to modernization and the teacher undisputedly
holds the keys to these doors. The child, though seen as a focal point or
centre of the facilitator that translates educational policies with practice
and programmes into actions and consequently could best be described as a point
of the education process. The teacher is a crucial component of any educational
system because he is the main determinant of the quality of the system
(Okokoje, 2003).
A lot
of variables have contributed to the change and modification in attitudes of
teachers towards teaching in the rural schools. Since there are inadequate or
lack of basic facilities in the rural areas, teachers find it difficult to go
there to teach and those who are there by compulsion without alternative
posting do so with mixed feelings and as a result the quality of the rural
children’s education is adversely affected that poor teaching produces poorly
educated children and this is caused by the equitable distribution of amenities
are staffed where as the schools are neglected and poorly staffed. Therefore,
the problem of this study is to investigate why teachers name negative attitude
towards teaching in rural areas. The researcher intends to provide answers to
the following questions.
1) Does the
environment have any influence on the attitude of teachers towards rural
posting?
2) Does the
teacher’s academic qualification have any effect on his/her attitudes to rural
posting?
3) Do the years of
experience of teachers have any influence on the attitude of teachers to rural
posting?
4) Does the
marital status of a teacher affect his/her attitude of rural posting?
5) Does the sex of
a teacher affect his/her attitude to rural posting?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
purpose of the study is to examine the attitude of teachers towards teaching in
the rural areas. Since the teachers` posted to the rural areas develop some
mixed feelings, there is danger of job or duties. According to the National
Policy on Education (N. P. E., 1989) it stated that the Nigerian philosophy of
education is based on the integration of the individuals into a sound and
effective citizens and equal educationa1sl opportunities for all citizens of
the nation at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels both inside and
outside the formal school system.
But
the refusal of teachers to accept rural posting is now creating disparity
between the rural as urban types of education and as a result encouraging
inequality in education. It becomes desirable to earn the possibility of main
training some kind of balance between those areas most especially as it concerns
education. The study will help to find solution to the negative attitude
of teachers towards rural posting.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
finding of this study would help the teachers to exchange their attitude
towards teaching in the rural schools. It is also significant to the ministry
of education in identifying the causes of teaching in the rural areas and to
proffer appropriate solution to the ugly trend. It would also help the
government to know the reason why teachers have negative attitude towards
teaching in the rural schools and find a lasting solution to it. Many
researchers, rural communities and the general public will also benefit from
the study.
ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY
The
following assumptions are made in this study;
1) The teachers in
the rural and urban areas under study are reliable and dependable source of
information and the research would enjoy some measures of cooperation and
confidence from them.
2) The result
obtained from the sample could be generated in rural areas of Edo State.
3) Transportation,
incentives, condition of service and poor living conditions etc. effectively in
the rural areas.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
study is limited to public junior secondary government area of Edo state and
all the selected schools whether.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
Attitude: this refers to
the opinion and feelings that teachers usually have about rural posting. It
could be negative or positive.
Professional teachers: these are
teachers that have the necessary teaching qualifications and are certified to
impact knowledge to learners. They includes Nigeria Certificate in Education
(N. C. E.), masters in education (M. Ed.) and post graduate diploma in
education or technical education (P. G. D. E) or (P. G. D. T. E)
Auxiliary teachers: these are
teachers who do not have the necessary teaching qualification but find ways
into the classroom to impact public schools. These are school that are managed
and funded by the government, state and federal.
Rural areas: these are
villages or communities characterized by the smallness of their population,
poor accommodation or housing existence of untarred roads, low level of
commercial availability of potable water and electricity, inadequate
transportation and communication system.
Urban areas: these are towns
or cities that have the opposite characteristics of the rural areas.
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