ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE
PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU!
TO GET THE FULL
PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL:
08068231953,
08168759420
TO GET MORE PROJECT
TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT:
CONSTRUCTION OF
CELLOPHANCE SEALING MACHINE
ABSTRACT
The
construction of the callophane sealing machine was carried out. The
project started with an encompassing review of the various methods of heat
sealing film packages. The machine can be used in sealing both low,
medium and high-density cellophane. The product has a heating element, which
converts electrical energy to heat energy, which converts electrical energy to
heat energy, which is utilized in the sealing of the cellophane. It has
an efficiency of about 90% with a reasonable degree of accuracy.
The major components of the machine included 24 – 30 volts transformer, heating
element, electrical cables, plywood, tape (paper, Teflon, black) lever machine,
seconds time, micro – switch and on/off indication bulb.
The machine was relatively cheap and compares favourably with imported types of
the same capacity. The total cost of production amounted to the sum of
ten thousand, one hundred naira only (N10,100.00).
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 APPLCIATION
OF POLYETHENE (CELLOPHANE)
1.2
TYPES OF SEALING MACHINES
1.3
OTHER USES OF CELLOPHANE
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0 LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CELLOPHANES
2.2
PRODUCTION OF CELLOPHANE MATERIALS
2.3
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYOLEFINS
2.4
SEALING OF ILMS
2.5
THE STRUCTURAL FORMULAR OF LOPE
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0 MATERIAL
SELECTION
3.1
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
3.2
METALS AND ITS PROPERTIES
3.3
FERROUS METALS
3.4
PROPERTIES OF STEEL
3.5
NON FERROUS METALS
3.6
GLASS AND ITS PROPERTIES
3.7
WOOD AND ITS PROPERTIES
3.8
TYPES OF WOOD
3.9
MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION FOR PROJECT
3.10
ANALYSIS OF OTHER MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0
ENGINEERING METHOD
4.1 ENGINEERING
DRAWING
4.2
COLLECTION OF MATERIALS
4.3
DIMENSIONING AND MARKING OUT
4.4
CUTTING AND WELDING
4.5
FILING OF EDGES
4.6
BUILDING OF THE BOX
4.7
PLACING OF FURMICA
4.8
TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION
4.9
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER
SIX
6.0
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER
SEVEN
RECOMMENDATION
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
COST ESTIMATION
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Cellophane sealing machine is basically
used for cellophane and nylon materials sealing. It is a machine that
uses the principle of light, heating materials or element to seal two impressed
surfaces or even more impressed surface depending on the nylon usage and application.
The packaging phenomenon was previously
done by the use of paper bags but as time went on, this method changed to
cellophane packaging system and till date, it has been growing. This
cellophane can be obtained by the process of polymerization of organic
compounds to form polyethene.
With the invention or introduction of
technology, different types of packaging systems have been deviced, of which
the most highly used is the cellophane packaging and sealing.
Although, the use of time in packaging is still in use. Cellophane
packaging excels since it can be easily obtained, fabricated, as well as store
materials of different shapes and sizes.
The properties of poly ethane that made
it to be highly useful in all aspects of packaging are inertness, high
resistance of acid attack, water, base, organic chemicals, low coefficient etc
polyehtene is used in packaging goods like ice cream, treated water, beverages,
and biscuits, pharmerceutical products and some other fungicides like cocoabre
sandus, copper sulphate (blue stone), ridomil plus etc.
1.1
APPLICATION OF POLYETHENES (CELLOPHANE)
Cellophane
is used for different forms of packaging which include:
1.
Produces wrapping: Low density polyethene
is widely used in the packaging of fresh horticultural produce. The touch
and well sealed films are required for the packaging of these items.
2.
Frozon food packaging: The toughness of low density polyethene at low
temperature coupled with the fact that it can be formed into bags on a
film. Seal basis has led to its use, in frozen food packaging.
These include frozen soft fruits, frozen milks, water etc.
3.
General food pa ckaging: The
interness of low density polyethene has led to its used for packaging of foods
like bread, ice cream, biscuits, margarine, storage of sugar etc because it
will not react with the food item.
4.
Textile packaging: The textile industries make use of low density polyethene
bags to package the textile product after production so as to prevent it from
being damped.
5.
Packaging of pharmaceutical products: The main
use of high density polyethene is the strip or blister packaging of
pharmaceutical capsules and tablets, especially in cases of hydroscopic
products, owing to the high water penetration resistance of polyethenes.
6.
High density polyethene are equally used in the packaging of aerospace
hardwares and valves.
7.
Low density polyethene film is used in the field of heavy duty sacks, its main
advantage being that the sacks could be stored in the open air and high
resistances to tear propagation and ensures visibility to the contents
1.2
TYPES OF SEALING MACHINE
1.
Cellophane sealing machine: The cellophane sealing machines are
used for polyethene and other associated materials.
2.
Fibre bag sealing machine: This type seals
products that are usually contained in fibre salts.
3.
Can sealing machine: This is mostly used in the metallurgical
industries for sealing metal can etc.
4.
Paper sealing machine: Products that are packaged in bags are usually
sealed using the vacuum sealing machine type.
1.3
OTHER USES OF CELLOPHANE ARE
a.
As a sealant: Cellophane is
used in the sealing of plastic contains.
b.
In manufacturing of rain coats:
Cellophane (polyethane) with high densities are used in the manufacturing of
rain coats.
c.
They are used as additives to other products.
d.
In lamination: Because many current
packaging application requires combination of properties not available in any
single packaging film, two or more different films, are often laminated to
obtain the desired properties. An extremely wide range of properties can
be achieved in various combination of cellophane with polyethene aluminum foil,
rubber, hydrochloride film, wax and pa per.
e.
Printing: A printed design or message may be applied to
gravure, flexographic or letter press printing, and several colours may be
applied consecutive to cellophane.
g.
Hot – melt coating: One
important example is its use in the direct wrap, used on some varieties of
processed cheese.
In our economy today, there is ever increasing demand for cellophanes and as
such, it is very necessary to construct a cellophane sealing machine to meet
the needs of the people. The project in guestion is aimed at providing this
machine at a relatively cheap cost from locally gathered materials, thus,
reducing the cost of production of cellophane sealing machine as well as to
enhance the effective utilization of cellophane products.
AFFILIATE LINKS:
Comments
Post a Comment