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CONSTRUCTION OF A DISTILLATION
COLUMN WITH REFLEX DIVIDER AND CONDENSER.
ABSTRACT
In this project, distillation is made
up of a column, condenser and reflux divider.
An overview of the dimensions of some of the major
parts is:
Height of the column = 450mm
Diameter of the column = 100mm
Length of the condenser = 150mm
Diameter of the condenser =90mm
Diameter of the pipe = 22mm
Length of the reflux divider = 150mm
Height of the reflux divider = 150mm
Width of the reflux divider = 100mm
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1
Introduction
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
Literature
review
2.1
Distillation
process
2.1.1 Binary
Distillation
2.1.2
Multi
Component Distillation
2.2
Two
principle method of
distillation
2.2.1
Continuous
Distillation with reflux (rectification)
2.2.2
Batch
Distillation with
rectification
2.3
Column
2.3.1
Condenser
2.3.2
Reflux
divider
CHAPTER THREE
3.1
Properties
and Selection of
Material
3.1.1
Effect of
temperature on the Mechanical Properties
3.1.2
Corrosion
and erosion
resistance
3.1.3
Economic
Consideration
(Cost)
3.1.4
Contamination
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Construction
procedure
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
Costing
CHAPTER SIX
Discussion
Conclusion
Recommendation
CHAPTER SEVEN
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Distillers is a process of vapourizing
a liquid mixer by the application of heat in which two distinct or different
phases and created namely the vapour phase and the liquid phase and the liquid
phase and it is expected that the more volatile component will be found more
the gaseous phase while the less volatile will be found in the liquid phase.
This separation is achieved because there is usually a difference in the
composition between a liquid mixer and the vapour in equilibrium above it.
Hence, by careful management of repeated vaporization and condensation from a
liquid mixer, pure component fractions can be achieved.
Distillation is thus based on the difference in
equilibrium composition between vapour and liquid phases of a mixer. The
characteristics and reason for the equilibrium should be understood. The ways
in which these equilibrium data can be recorded for later use in distillation
design and possible ways of predicting such data are natural pre-requisites for
any course on distillation design.
An example of distillation with condenser and
reflux divide is applied in the separation of alcohol from water. By the
application of heat we can practically vaporize the solution, there by create a
gas phase consisting of nothing but alcohol and water since the gas will be
richer in alcohol than the residual liquid, a contain amount of separation have
taken place. By repeater vaporization and condensations it is then possible to
make as complete a separation as may be desired, recovering both components of
the mixture in as pure a state as we wish.
The advantages of distillation method are as
follows:
In distillation, the new phase differs from the
original due to it’s heat content, but heat is really added or removed.
Although the cost of doing this must inevitable be considered.
Therefore, in turn certain limitation to
distillation as a separation process. The gas which can be created from a
liquid by application of heat inevitable consists only to the components
consisting the liquid, the change in composition resulting from the distribution
of the components between the two phases is ordinary not very great. In some
cases the change in composition is so small that the process becomes
impractical, it may even happen that there is no change in composition
whatsoever.
Nevertheless the direct separation which is
ordinarily possible by distillation, into pure product requiring no further
processing has made this, perhaps the most important of the mass transfer
operation.
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