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Construction of size reduction equipment
ABSTRACT
This project is on
construction of size reduction equipment – manual grinder. It was
constructed locally with the use of local materials and tools in I.M.T
mechanical Engineering workshop. The various parts of the equipment were
constructed separately using mild steel before finally coupled.
During the
construction, the conveyors and it’s housing were first constructed. It
consists of a shaft with a helical rod wound round it. the hopper was
measured, out and welded from a mild steel sheet of length 320mm by 60mm with a
thickness of 1mm and it has the following dimensions:-
Height of the
hopper
- 160mm
Upper part of the
hopper
- 140mm diameter
Lower part of the
hopper
- 100mm diameter
The conveyor was
fixed into it’s housing and welded to the shaft. The grinding chamber was
welded separately and coupled to the grinding discs. The pressure screw
fabricated was welded to the hopper. The U – channel was joined to the
base stand by are welding and the existing setup, the bearing, pulley and the
manual handle were all coupled. It was filed to smoothen the sharp edge
and finally painted for corrosion resistance.
After the
construction work, test run was carried out using the grains of wet maize and
dried maize. The result shows a greater efficiency in using wet maize.
Also, the high level
of noise observed during the test run was reduced by lubricating the essential
parts with grease.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
1.1
INTRODUCTION
1.2
Objective and scope of size reduction
equipment.
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1
Origin of size
reduction
2.2
Importance of size reduction
2.3
Mechanism of size reduction
2.4
Methods of size reduction
2.5
Classification of size reduction
equipment
2.6
Factors to be considered in size
reduction equipment
2.7
Behaviour of particles during size
reduction
2.8
Theory of crushing
2.9
Factors affecting the nature of
materials to be crushed
CHAPTER
THREE
3.1
Selection of material for construction
3.12 Table of
summary for the selection of materials and reason Construction procedure
3.21
Marking out operators
3.22
Equipment used for marking out
3.2
Cutting operation
3.3
Press size requirements for cutting
3.4
Punching / drilling operation
3.5
Welding joining operation
3.6
Arc welding
3.72
Electrodes used in welding
3.73
Specification of welding electrodes
3.7
Sequence of operation
3.81
The rotating shaft and conveyor housing
3.82
Hopper
3.83
Grinding chamber
3.84
Plate gap and adjustment screw
3.85
Standing
3.86
Driven pulley / prime mover
3.87
Surface finishing and coating
3.91
Safety of the operation
3.92
Precautions
3.93
Cost evaluation
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.1
Discussion
4.2
Principle of operation
4.3
Precautions
4.4
Maintenance
4.5
Recommendation
4.6
Conclusion
4.7
References
CHAPTER
ONE
1.1
INTRODUCTION
Size reduction in any
industry is a very important operation because it involves the breaking down of
larges particles by means of mechanical method into smaller and finer
size. It is a major process in some industries like food processing
industries, plastic industries, paint and drug industries, ceramic industries,
cement industries and groundnut processing industries for effective and
efficient and production.
Size reduction which
is a unit operation can be defined as an operation whereby bulky solid
particles are reduced or broken down into smaller sizes.
Size reduction is
also known as combination (genetic name). There are different types of
size reduction equipment example are crushers and grinders. Some factors
are considered in the selection of these equipment. The factors are
nature of material being handed, feed or particle size, cost of material and
construction, size of the product and small power input per unit of product.
In size reduction,
different methods are commonly used in breaking down of solids, but only four
are commonly used; compression, impact, attrition or rubbing and cutting.
So, for proper
involvement of the equipment in the process (its operational capability), care
and maintenance is very essential. Also, safety measures or precautions
should be taken when using this equipment.
1.2
OBJECTIVE / SCOPE OF SIZE REDUCTION EQUIPMENT
Its main objective is
to increase the surface area of a given weight of solid. Other objectives
include; increase in reactivity (chemical) of solid, improvement of solvent
efficiency, easy handling of materials, for free flow of materials process
equipment, permits separation of impurities by mechanical methods and increase
the number (numerical strength) of the material.
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