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CONSTRUCTION
OF A VERTICAL FIRE TUBE BOILER
ABSTRACT
The construction of this vertical fire tube boiler was carried out both at the
industrial center and Mechanical Engineering workshop of the Institute of
Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu.
The boiler contains 2 steam tubes at triangular pitch which are enclosed
in a shell. Water is introduced through the shell. When the burner
is put on, the products of combustion – excess oxygen, nitrogen and
carbondioxide pass through the tubes at a high temperature and then heats the
surrounding water, as a result, steam is generated.
It has a capacity of 20,000cm3 of water and can produce 0.05kg of
steam per hour. It can be used widely for the generation of stem for
laboratory uses and by small scale industries.
The materials used were mainly mild steel. About 10 electrodes were used
for the welding and care was taken to ensure strong welding, although it is a
low pressure boiler.
The top sheet plato is 0.0125cm thick. The tube bundles are galvanized
tubes. Details of the engineering and working drawings are shown.
The construction of this boiler did not follow any code.
The cost of the project is N12,000.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction
CHAPTER
TWO
Literature Survey
CHAPTER
THREE
Material Selection
CHAPTER
FOUR
Constructional
Methods
CHAPTER
FIVE
Discussion
CHAPTER
SIX
Conclusion
References
Bibliography
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
The term “boiler” applies to a device for generating:
a.
Steam for power, processing or heating
purposes
b.
Hot water for heating purposes or hot
water supply.
Boilers
are designed to transmit heat from an external combustion source (usually full
combustion) to a fluid contained within the boiler itself.
Boilers can be broadly grouped into lower pressure type and high pressure
boiler. The constructed vertical fire tube boiler is a low pressure boiler.
The boiler is constructed so as to generate steam for chemical engineering
processes, heating drying, sterilizing, etc.
Holes at triangular pitch were drilled at the bottom and top sheet plates of
the boiler. Steam tubes were passed through these holes and then welded
strongly. Other holes were drilled only on the top plate, so that steam
will pass through them. This was pushed in to a shell and welded
together. A mild steel plate was used to prevent the products of
combustion passing from the steam tubes to come into contact with the generated
steam. A stack was provided for the flue gases to escape.
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