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DESIGN
AND CONSTRUCTION OF A REFRIGERATING UNIT
ABSTRACT
The design and construction of s refrigerating unit is handled from the
knowledge of the working principles of laws of thermodynamics.
The size of the containing vessel i.e the case as established to be of 45cm by
32 cm in dimension. The Angle iron mild steel to used in the fabrication and
welding. The box case of two layers are fabricated. Plastic (cooler) box is
then placed inside the upper part with the other parts of the
refrigerator were brought in. they were all fixed onto a wooden base with all
the connections (electrical) made.
The capacity of the refrigerator is based on the workdone by the compressor
which is O.I hp in specification. The size of the components used are
i.
Condenser: The size is 0.1hp and it is a plate type condenser with extended
surface.
ii.
Compressor: The size is 0.1hp (75 watts)
iii.
Copper wire: it is of 0.5cm in diameter and the total copper wire length is
about 600cm (1½ roll)
The introduction of cooling fluid and
filling of the compressor enabled the compressor to start functioning when
connected to electricity using a 13 AMP rated socket
The interior of the plastic box is lined with dominium box with tubes arranged
in convolution around it. This world effectively and cooled the water dropped
into it. It compares favorably with the ones in the market.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
HISTORY OF REFRIGERATION
TYPES OF REFRIGERATING DEVICE
USES OF REFRIGERATION
CHAPTER THREE
SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS
SELECTION OF REFRIGRANTS
CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
\CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
CONCLUSION
4.2
RECOMMENDATIONS
REFERENCES.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Refrigeration is the process of lowering the temperature of a substance below
that of its surrounding.
Refrigeration is the practical application of the first and second law
thermodynamics. Comprehensive understanding of the basic principles of
thermodynamics is crucial for full understanding of basic operation of
refrigerator. The first law states that the energy can neither be created nor
destroyed. If energy of 2.5J appears in one forms it appears in another without
a corresponding decrease of energy on the other form. The second law states
that no system can receive heat at a given temperature and reject it at a
higher temperature without receiving work from the surrounding heat always flow
from Warner to cooler body. Through consideration of these laws, the ideal
refrigeration cycle are considered. The carnot cycle is reversible and consist
of adiabatic compression witherma rejection of heat, adiabatic expansion and
wothermal addition of heatl the carnot cycle is unattainable ideal which serves
as a standard of comparison and it provides a convenient guide to the
temperature that should be maintained to achieved effectiveness. The efficiency
or coefficient of performance (C.O.P.) of a carnot cycle depends on the
temperature at which heat is added and rejected.
Therefore,
C.O.P = T1
T2
– T1
Where T1 = Evaporation
temperature
T2 = Conducting temperature
In actual refrigeration there will be
issues causing C.O.P to be less than that for ideal cycle. The basic methods of
refrigeration like the mechanical refrigeration ejector (steam jet)
refrigeration absorption refrigeration uses similar process for obtaining
refrigeration effect. That is evaporation in the evaporator, condensation in
the condenser, the main difference is in the way used refrigeration being done.
The most compression. The cycle efficiency can be ignored in a number of ways.
1.
Multistage system: When evaporation and condensing temperature (pressure)
difference is large, it is prudent to separate compression into two stages. The
use of multistage system open up the opportunity to use flash gas removal and
inter cooling as a measure to improve performance of the system
2.
Cascade system: This appears in situation where the evaporating temperature is
very low (below 600c). the refrigerant is used to achieve the
cooling. The liquid with low boiling points are used as refrigerants.
1.1
SCOPE OFD THE PROJECT
The scope of this project is mainly concerned with the design and construction
of a refrigerating unit that has a very performance level and with the cost of
fabrication lower than that of existing prototype
A good refrigerator is one that has all the basic components of compressor,
condensers, fan motor, copper tubes and other. This project must apply all the
principles of refrigeration.
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