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DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ON-LINE VOTING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
Voting is a very
important process in the Nigerian political system. It is one of the
means and most effective method of ensuring a legitimate government through
popular participation. To enthrone sound democracy and stability in the
political system of the Enugu state a system of rig-free voting has to be put
in place.
The system would
among others discourage double voting, forgery or hoarding of electoral
materials massive transfer of ballot papers destruction of ballot boxes,
inflation of electron figures and unnecessary delay in pronouncement of
election result. This could be achieved by an on-line voting system to
remove the difficult administrative tasks of the electoral body which regulated
the conduct of election in Enugu state. This basically forms the goal set
to achieve in this study.
Therefore this
project aims at alleviating the incidence of rigging and introduction of an
organized procedure of voting which is the bana of socio-economic and political
progress in Enugu state.
ORGANIZATION OF THE
WORK
This work is
organized into seven (7) chapters. Chapter one, discussed among other
things, the introduction, states of the problems, purpose of the study, aims
and objectives as well as the scope of the study. Also discussed under
this chapter are the limitations of the study and finally the assumptions
made.
Chapter two did a
review of related literature, and this chapter was not substituted.
Chapter three gave
account of the description and analysis of the existing system, the
fact-finding method used the organization structure. Also the chapter
discussed the objective of the existing system, input process and output
analysis, information flow diagrams, problems of the existing system and
finally the justification of the new system.
Chapter four gave an
account of the design of the new system requirement.\chapter five was based on
the implementation, program design, pseudo code and program flowchart.
Chapter six is based
on the documentation.
Chapter seven
includes recommendation, conclusion as well as the definition of terms used.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Abstract
Organization of work
Table contents
Chapter one
Introduction
1.1
State of the Problem
1.2
Purpose of the study
1.3
Aims and objectives
1.4
Scope of the study
1.5
Limitation o the study
1.6
Assumptions
1.7
Definition of terms
Chapter Two
Review of related literature
Chapter Three
Description and analysis of the
existing
System
3.1
Fact finding methods used
3.2
Organizational structure
3.3
Objectives of the existing system
3.4
Input process and output analysis
3.5
Information flow diagram
3.6
Problems of the existing system
3.7
Justification of the new system
Chapter Four
Design of the new system
4.1
Input specification and design
4.2
Output specification and design\file design
4.3
File design
4.4
Procedure chart
4.5
System flow chart
4.6
System requirement
Chapter Five
Implementation/Programming
5.1
Implementation
5.2
Program design
5.3
Pseudo code
5.4
Program flowchart
Chapter Six
Documentation
Chapter Seven
Recommendation and conclusion
7.1
Recommendation
7.2
Conclusion
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The advancement made
in technology over the past few years are astounding. The computer alone
has progressed at a remarkable pace, and updates are continually
occurring. Along with the progress of the computer comes the
transformation of the virtual world. The Internet is a fairly recent
concept that has profoundly affected our daily lives. As with anything
new the Internet possesses various mysteries. Research is being conducted
to determine the possibilities of an on-line voting. Internet voting opens
the door to all sorts of possibilities for our state voting future.
Therefore, voting is
a means of selecting or choosing leaders, it does not apply only to local
government, states and federal government of Nigeria but also in different
institutions and social organization. The conduct of elections in a
democratic society is very important not only because through it a change of
government is effected but also because voting is the main form of political
participation for most people. For democracy to be sound, it should be
anchored on election free from fraud.
Over the years, the
voting operation has been put under a manual system of operation which mostly
results to inaccuracy and ineffective election. It is gradually being
realized that much faster accurate, effective and efficient system is needed to
be adopted. Here on-line is to be instituted to handle voting.
The on-line voting
system ensures that each intended voter is checked whether he/she is registered
or not, if he/she is not registered, the system refuses him voting. Also
it checks whether he/she has voted for that particular election. This
on-line voting system prevents a situation where a particular candidate seizes
the voters’ cards, and uses them to vote for himself. Hence the rigging
associated with the manual voting systems has been completely handled.
The system also takes care of result calculation of each candidate in
particular election and the percentage scored in that election. This
eliminates rigging associated with the calculation and counting of votes.
A means of showing
the various outputs is also adopted by the system the output can either be
displayed on the screen or a hard copy of it can be produced depending on the
choice of the user. This prevents international and unintentional
typographical errors in showing the results of the elections.
With an on-line
voting, voters can be cast only once it will also afford people who are sick
and unable to go to polling stations to cast their vote to do so. It
should be noted however that on-line voting will not replace the existing
ballot forms, but is offered as a supplementary way of casting a ballot.
1.1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The
inefficiency of voting process in Enugu has resulted in a lot of
problems. These problems have continued to obstruct the peace of
democracy in Enugu because the choice of a capable candidate is not encouraged
by the current system.
These
problems include
(1)
High rigging during election process
(2)
A single voters casting his vote multiple times
(3)
Inefficient and inaccurate counting of voters by officers concerned.
(4)
Long queues observed at polling stations
(5)
Illegible voters casting their vote
(6)
Loss of votes due to either wrong voting of the use case of any accident
occurring during transportation of the statement of result and other electoral
materials to the collection centers.
1.2
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The
purpose of this study is to design and implement an on-line voting
system. The study will activate democracy and ensure that the popular
choice emerges victories in any local government election conducted in Enugu
state.
1.3
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The
main aim of this project work is to design an on-line voting system which among
others be able to achieve the following targets;
(i)
Each voter will be able to vote only once
(ii)
Nobody will have access to the votes before the official opening of the
electronic ballot box.
(iii)
The votes cast cannot be intercepted, modified or diverted.
(iv)
The on-line site will resist any attack
(v)
Only registered voters will have access to the application
(vi)
Voters will be protected against any attempt of identified theft.
(vii)
The secrecy of the vote will be guaranteed
(viii)
Rigging of the election will be controlled
(ix)
The system will not accept vote outside the voting period
(x)
It put to an end the indiscriminate alteration of election result by any
officer of the electoral commission of Enugu state.
1.4
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
study covers voting processes as it is done at the ward councillorship election
and local government chairmanship elections. It also inculcates the
voters’ personal records, candidates’ personal records and voting procedures.
1.5
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Due
to the fact of non-availability of the vital components required for the design
and implementation of an on-line voting system, work shall be limited.
However, the immediate availability of components will help the researcher to
achieve his objectives fully.
1.6
ASSUMPTIONS
It
is assumed that the implementation of the new system will rapidly improve the
economic and the socio-political lives of the people of Enugu state.
There will be no room for rigging and election malpractice
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