“FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN INTRODUCTORY TECHNOLOGY IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN NIGERIA”
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“FACTORS
MILITATING AGAINST THE PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN INTRODUCTORY TECHNOLOGY IN
JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN NIGERIA”
(A
CASE STUDY OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CALABAR MUNICIPAL COUNCIL CROSS RIVER STATE)
ABSTRACT
It is disheartening
to say that until recently, Introductory Technology Education was not paid
attention to by the introducers and the acquirers. Many people had different
notions that introductory technology education is of no and therefore was not
given recognition.
Virtually today, introductory
Technology has attracted National interest because it is the basis for the
technological development of every nation. It was on this background that the
researcher unraveled the factors militating against the performance of the
students in Introductory Technology in Junior Secondary School level in
Nigeria, a case study of Calabar, Cross River State. In the course of the
research work, twenty one Introductory Technology teachers were randomly
sampled. the work was guided by research questions, monitored and information
gathered was analyzed.
Based on the research
findings, it was discovered that absence of training facilities, shortage of
technical teachers, inadequate finding, vast curriculum and poor recognition
and remuneration as well as ineffective guardian and counseling services are
identified as the most endemic problems militating against the performance of
students in introductory Technology.
Thereafter, conclusion and
recommendations were provided for the problemsTABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the
Study
1.2
Statement of the
Problem
1.3
Purpose of the
Study
1.4
Significance of the Study
1.5
Research
Questions
1.6
Delimitation
1.7
Limitation
1.8
Assumptions of the Study
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1
Historical Evolution of Technology and
Curriculum Innovation
in Nigeria
2.2
Report of
UNESCO
2.3
Policy planning and implementation
2.4
Economic need for Affiliation and Self Actualization
2.5
Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1
The
Design
3.2
The Area of
Study
3.3
Population
3.4
Source
3.5
Samples for the Study
3.6
Sampling
Technique
3.7
Instrument for Data Collection
3.8
Validity and Reliability of the Instrument
3.9
Administration of Questionnaire
3.10 Data
Analysis Techniques
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF
DATA
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1
Summary
5.2
Implication of the
Study
5.3
Conclusion
5.4
Recommendations
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Education is the
panacea for technological advancement of any nation. The progress of any nation
depends largely on the technological know - how of that country. It was in realization
of the fact that only technological education can emancipate us from the
western economic and technological slavery, that the National Policy on
Education (1977), revised (1981) recommended expand technical institutions in
the country. In 1979, all secondary schools in the country were required to
offer Introductory Technology along side other subjects as one of the
compulsion subjects at the Junior Secondary School Level.
It has been observed
that the curriculum of our schools before the introduction of the 6-3-3-4
system was too academic, theoretically oriented and failed to address the needs
and aspirations of the Nation. The system turned out job seekers instead of job
creators. The search for a functional curriculum, which will address the needs
and yearning of the nation, led to the emergence of the 6- 3- 3-4 system in
1982. The curriculum contains among other things pre-vocational subjects, which
included introductory technology; Home Economics and Business Education, which
are compulsory at the Junior Secondary Schools.
Introductory
technology as an integrated subject included- woodwork, metal work, basic
electricity /electronics, building construction, technical drawing, plastic and
rubber technology, and auto/ mechanical work. Introductory technology lays the
foundation for the acquisition of skills and knowledge that are basic for
technological development. The skills and knowledge acquired at the this level
will equip the students to be self reliant if they are unable to study beyond
the Junior Secondary School Level.
According to Nnadi
(1988) “The new system would ensure that the basic foundation is laid easily
for the acquisition and utilization of knowledge and skill on which the
technological programme the country would continue to depend”. It is intended
that the programme would launch Nigeria into the technological new world order.
It is sad to mention
that resources are grossly inadequate for the teaching of this important
subject in our schools, especially schools in Calabar, Cross River State where,
in some places, buildings to house the equipment / machines do not exist, while
in some places there and building, equipment and machines but no electricity
and workshop exist there by making it difficult for the equipment / machines to
be installed.
It is not only the
material resources that are in short supply but also human resources and
ideologies.
Adigin (1974 :137)
indicated that “evidence, abounds to show that the supply of introductory
technology teachers is grossly inadequate both in number and quality. Although
the literature has shown that there is acute shortage of resources for the
teaching of the subject, in other places, it is equally important to ascertain
the extent of the factors militating against the performance of students in
introductory technology in Cross River State, basically in Calabar Municipal
Council Area of the state.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
After graduation of
students studying Introductory Technology from the Junior Secondary School
Level of Education, they hardly exhibit simple technological skills; hence they
fail in most of the challenges they face while in the labour market. With the
lack of knowledge of tools and poor standard workshop arrangement, lack of
competent instructor, poor guidance and counseling an vast curriculum, all
result to some of the factors militating against the performance of students in
Introductory Technology in the Junior Secondary School Level.
The questions addressed are as follows:
1.
What effects does the curriculum has on the performance of the students in
Introductory Technology?
2.
What effects does the available resources for the teaching of introductory
technology has on the students?
3.
What effects does the motivation of technical teachers have on the performance
of students in Introductory Technology?
4.
What effects does effective guidance and counseling has on the performance of
Introductory Technology Students?
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the
study is to investigate the factors militating against the performance of
students in introductory technology at the Junior secondary school level in
Calabar Municipal Council Area of Cross River State precisely, the study tend
to:
i.
Determine the factors responsible for the poor performance of students in
Introductory Technology.
ii.
Assess the condition of services of technical teachers.
iii.
Address the need for students’ guidance and counseling in schools.
iv.
Assess the effectiveness and efficiency of introductory technology teachers.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The investigations of
the study will enable education policy markers in Government, administrators of
schools, classroom teachers, industries and the society at large to be aware of
the problem of students poor performance introductory technology in the Junior
Secondary school level of education, which if not tackled with care can hinder
move towards the country’s technological advancement.
The outcome of the
study will help technological teachers to adjust and correct their lapses and
improve on them efforts made so far for better performance.
Most importantly,
students will benefit from the results of this study immensely, in that they
will seek proper counseling for purposeful progress in their respective career
choice in life.
Finally, the result
of this study will be of immense benefit to practicing technical education
teachers to be.
1.5
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
Do teachers really cover the introductory technology scheme of work?
2.
What are the available resources for the teaching / learning of introductory
technology in Nigeria secondary schools?
3.
What is the rate of utilization of the resources in the teaching /learning of
introductory technology for national development?
4.
What efforts are being made by school administrators and the Government to
encourage technical teachers for effective participation in Nigeria School?
5.
What are the effects and relevance of guidance and counseling in Nigeria
secondary schools for technological development?
1.6
SCOPE
The work of this
study was confirmed to Twelve(12) Secondary Schools in Calabar Municipal Area
of Cross River State.
Out of the twelve
schools, three are private schools and Nine are government owned secondary
schools.
1.8
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
With genuine
attestation to this study, it was assured that:
i.
The respondents’ information gathered are authentic and genuine.
ii.
The teachers used in the study are ideal respondents.
iii.
The data analysis computation is correct.
iv.
The population sample used is large enough to be a representative of the total
population with respect to the limited time involved.
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