HE ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARDS TEACHING IN THE RURAL AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA
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THE
ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARDS TEACHING IN THE RURAL AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF EGOR
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA.
ABSTRACT
There have been a lot of controversy and misunderstanding over this issue of
posting and transfer of teacher. Most often, teachers refuse and reject
posting, a practice that creates administrative problems that do not in any way
help to enhance the smooth and effective running of the school in Egor Local
Government Area of Edo state, teachers are not even distributed. While the
urban schools are in most cases overstaffed and the rural area grossly
understaffed.
This is unhealthy and detrimental
to the academic progress of {pupils} students in rural areas. Some contributors
have made various suggest ions on what can be done to it, if possible reverse
this trend of teacher’s refusal to work in rural areas. This study intends to
find out the basic factors responsible for teachers, general attitude towards
the rural sector and determine the influence they have on the individuals. The
major findings include;
i.
That more male teacher have positive attitude
towards rural posting.
ii.
Marital status of a teacher has relationship with
the attitude of the teachers towards rural posting.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Background of the
study
Statement of problem
Purpose of the study
Basic assumptions
Research questions
Significance of the
study
Scope and delimitation of
study
Definition of
terms
CHAPTER
TWO
Literature
Review
-
Importance of rural areas.
-
The effect of migration from rural sections to
urban area
-
The implication of teachers in the rural area.
-
Teacher refusal of rural posting
-
Teacher interest in rural area.
CHAPTER
THREE
Methodology
Research instrument
Administration of instrument
Method of
analysis
CHAPTER
FOUR
Analysis and discussion of
data
Research question I
Research question II
Research question III
Research question IV
CHAPTER
FIVE
Summary, recommendation and
conclusion
Summary
Recommendations
Conclusion
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
In its classical definition, and simple definition, education is the
transmission or transfers of cultural values, behaviour, believes by adults of
a community or a geographical location of people to their children or young
ones, that is from one generation to the next generation.
This
transmission process embraces and includes knowledge, experiences, skills,
habit, values, believes, attitudes, behaviour and many other abilities gained
by one generation to the next generation in its ramification.
During
the colonial period, the Christian missions set up school to train manpower
that would serves as interpreter, clerks, teachers, messengers and so on to
enhance their evangelical activities.
These
schools were located at both the rural and urban areas. Since the missionaries
were in control over these schools before the Government involvement, schools
even the rural were adequately staffed and cared for.
With
rapid development of urban areas and cities with basis facilities such as
potable water, electrification and subsequent setting up of industries, there
soon began a mass and aggressive drift from rural areas to urban cities.
The
teachers were not left out as Some of them began to protest over rural
postings with concrete and genuine reasons including women whose husbands and
family were already in the cities and town others going includes the medical
doctors and hospitals. Yet, there were others who secured urban posting as a
result of favouritism and passing through the back doors.
The
resultant effect of teachers negative attitude towards serving in the rural
area can not be over emphasized. At various time, both federal and state
Government to right this rural to urban drift by imposing a town year compulsory
rural services for all newly employed staffing not be working out effective.
This
measure was not fully successful because most of the effected teachers had a
way to circumventing the law. Statistics show that generally, students from
urban centers perform better than their counterparts from rural areas and the
major contributory factor has been traced to inadequate staffing.
The
question now is whether it is fair to deny these children the equal educational
opportunities necessary to all children of this nation?
In
keeping with the policy of equal educational opportunity, a well know
educationalist Andrew Urevbu suggested that all hands should be on deck to make
education available for all Nigerian. He called on the communities, the
professional and even the business bodies as well as cultural and philanthropic
organization to come to the aid of Education.
An
investigation into the factors or reasons why people, mean teachers in the
rural areas to an urban setting could be traced to the following.
1.
The basic infrastructural facilities available in
the towns and cities which automatically create a considerate and comfortable
living and a better health.
2.
Occupational opportunities available in urban
centre which teachers in the rural area feel when they come to town and cities
they can take over.
3.
It also creates room or an opportunity for them in
the urban areas to update their educational qualifications and status.
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
A lot of
variables have contributed to the changes and modification in attitudes mostly
of teachers as regards teaching in rural school.
Teachers
constitute a segment of the entire society and belong to the educated elite.
The modern trend even in education is geared towards training people for urban
competence. For this reason, trained teachers are oriented towards urban
lifestyle and living.
No wonder
that the teachers under this group tend to developed negative attitude towards
teaching in the rural areas. These teachers protest strongly against rural
posting and only accept under administrative
compulsion.
Since the
highly qualified and competent teachers are sent to urban areas and the
alternatives that is those with low standards are sent to the rural areas. The
qualities of the school children’s education would obviously be adversely be
affected. It is established that poor teaching procedures, poor educated
children. Therefore, children urban schools receive higher quality of education
than their counterparts in the rural school sectors.
Teacher’s
refusal of rural posting create administrative problems. The rural-urban drift
affects people’s socio-economic and socio-political life. The spatial
distribution of amenities and inadequate infrastructure are part of the basic
factors creating avenue for the problem.
While
schools in the urban areas are over staffed, their rural counterpart are
under-staffed which is another factor for poor teaching learning environment or
situation.
Therefore,
the researcher intend to investigate the circumstances surrounding the trend
whereby teachers are always repulsive of rural posting
To this
end, this researcher intends to provide answers to the following question.
1.
Does the sex of the teacher his or attitude to
rural posting?
2.
Does the qualification of the teacher have any
effect on his or her attitude on rural
posting?
3.
Does the years
of experience of a teacher have any influence on the attitude of
teachers to rural
posting?
4.
Does the marital status of a teacher affect his or
her acceptance to rural areas?
5.
Does the environmental setting has any effect in
teaching as a profession?
PURPOSE
OF THE
STUDY
The purpose or reason for this study is to
examine the attitude of teachers towards teaching in rural school. Movement
from one place or location to another geographical location involves a lot of
risks, financial and social inconveniences particularly at this period of
economic squeeze and like in transport fares and accommodation in the ever
rushing and busying cities and towns.
As a result of these known difficulties that both the civil servant and workers
in the private sectors enjoying inconveniences allowances since the colonial
era, benefits rarely extended to teachers, hence the discontentment amongst the
teachers in the rural service. Since, the teachers in the rural service nurse
some grudges, there is the danger of ineffectiveness in the discharge of their
duties and releasing of their full potentials in the teaching job.
The Nigeria constitution claims to favour and protect the interest of all the
citizens and guarantee equal opportunities for all. But the rural-urban drift
is known to create dispute between the urban and rural areas, thereby
encouraging inequality.
It becomes desirable to examine the possibility of maintaining some kind of
balances between these areas most especially as its concerning education, the
light of mankind.
The study will be use to find out what would be done to attract suitable
qualified teachers in rural areas. It would also be found out how their
qualification and experience affects teacher’s attitude.
Personal contact with the teachers directed by its movement will be of
tremendous help towards obtaining a first hand information about the physical,
social-economic and political constraints encountered by the rural teachers
which are responsible for their negative attitude.
BASIC
ASSUMPTIONS
It is assumed chat the researcher will encounter some problems or difficulties
as well as cooperation during the course of the research. Some of these
difficulties include:
1.
Transportation: There are no good roads into some
of these villages and so transport where available is very costly.
2.
Poor living condition: The poor attitude of
teachers towards rural posting is due to the poor living condition when
compared to urban life.
3.
Incentives: If teacher are given the necessary
incentives like rural allowance more qualified teachers will be willing to
accept rural posting. This will tend to create equal educational opportunities
for both the rural and urban schools children in this our nation, Nigeria.
4.
Condition of service: it’ is fact that a worker is
at his/her best when satisfied with conditions of service that will elevate the
socio economic status of the individual that is lacking profession hence the
discontentment and poor output.
5.
It is assumed that the interviewer would enjoy some
measures of co-operation from the interviewers.
6.
It is assumed that the oral responses would be turn
and given voluntary and without bias.
RESEARCH
QUESTION
The following questions were raised for the study.
1.
Does the sex of the teacher his or attitude to
rural posting?
2.
Does the qualification of the teacher have any
effect on his or her attitude on rural
posting?
3.
Does the teaching experience of a teacher have any
influence on the attitude of teachers to rural posting?
4.
Does the marital status of a teacher affect his or
her acceptance to rural areas?
5.
To what extent does the environmental setting to
teachers affect their attitude towards rural posting?
SIGNIFICANT
OF THE STUDY
The result of the survey research will obviously reveal the reasons affecting
the attitude of and behaviour of teachers towards their service in the rural
area.
This in
turn will help identify the main problems faced by teachers, students and the
community in general with appropriate solution sought. out
This will
help teaching and learning experiences in the rural area to be compared
favorably with their urban counterpart.
Some of
them in sight and revelation that will beneficial to the teachers, the students
and the government may include age of the teachers that are positively disposed
to teaching in the rural communities.
The study will therefore act as a guide to the educational administrators when
deciding whom to be posted where for effective performance.
Otherwise, it will be unrealistic of instance to post more female teachers to
the rural sectors without finding out other considerations that can motivate
such female like marital status, duty post or position or responsibility.
The social attainment or economic status of those expected to teach in the
rural area will expose their reaction to any posting or transfer if adequate
infrastructures are provided to narrow the gap between the urban and rural
experiences, teachers will be attracted to prove capability and willingness to
work anywhere under certain favourable conditions.
The question that remains unanswered is what can be done to encourage a
vertical growth in educational development and in proves teachers acceptance or
rural services.
SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
This study is limited to Egor local government area of Edo state of Nigeria.
The survey is restricted to the attitude of trained certificated teachers
teaching in pre-primary and post primary school including the graduate teachers
without teaching qualifications. Urban and rural teachers are included in the
study to represent a general opinion.
The population are predominantly farmers with weather condition that favour
bumper harvest, although the roads to some of these villages get washed away
during heavy rainfall, rendering accessibility very difficulty.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Attitude: This refers to the general behaviour of
teacher as a result of teaching. This outward expression of inner teaching
reflects to total, disposition of the teacher which includes some actions and
reactions affecting the general out-put of the teachers.
Teachers: Teachers are all those that are
professionally skilled and certificated as a result of training in educational
and related courses to improve knowledge to learners. They include N.C.E. AND
Bachelor degree holders, B.Sc form recognized universities.
Posting/transfer: Posting or transfer of teachers
is the process or a situation whereby a teacher or a worker is moved from one
place of work to another local to work usually the same work and the same
position.
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