IMPACT OF POVERTY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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IMPACT
OF POVERTY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN OWAN EAST LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
This research work
was designed to find out the impact of poverty on the academic performance of
students: a case study of Owan East Local Government Area of Edo State. This
research work consist of five chapter, the chapter entitles chapter one which
consist of an introduction, statement of problems, purpose of the study,
significant of the study, research questions, scope, limitation of the study
and definition of terms. Chapter two cover the review of literature which
entails the concept of poverty on education of the students in Nigerian, the
influence of parental economic status on the students at various levels, home
environment and students education and parental education qualification. The
third chapter examines research methodology covering the study research design
and area of study, population, sample and sampling procedure, instrument for
data collection, method of data collection and method of data analysis. Chapter
four entails the presentation of data analysis. The last chapter which is the
fifth chapter covers finding, recommendation and conclusion. Conclusively, the
research work was completed with references sighted during the research work.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background of the
study
Statement of the
problem
Purpose of the study
Significance of the
study
Research questions
Limitation of the
study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology
Research design
Area of study
Population
Sample and sampling
procedure
Instrument for data
collection
Method of data
collection
Method of data
analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Analysis of data
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, Conclusion
and Recommendation
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE
STUDY
Education is a process through which individual acquires skills, competencies,
and attitude. It is the right of every child to be educated, be it traditional
or western. Thus, education is been regarded as culture to man, people and the
nation of the world. This explains why man has to educate an offspring in the
society. Poverty is one of the factors militating against man from carrying out
his educational activities perfectly. Because of the various perception and
complexities of the term poverty, a universally agreed definition cannot be
arrived at. But then poverty according to the oxford advanced learners
dictionary (2000) defined poverty as the state of being poor.
Oguw Mike (2005) sees poverty as a way of life characterized by low calorie
intake, inaccessibility of adequate health facilities low quality education
system, low life expectancy, unemployment and under-employment. Leroy and Symes
(2001) consider poverty as a major anti-risk factors relating the concept
poverty to Nigeria, it will therefore be considered in a broader way which
implies that it has be viewed in various perspectives which include one
national state and home background. At the national level, a nation can be
considered poor when her economic standard is very low and this automatically
makes the nation underdeveloped. The economy of a country that does not reached
certain stage of development in terms of infrastructure and other development
indices. As regard poverty in the family level, we are referring to the home
background. Even before the indigenous education or western type of
education, the home has always been the agency through which man learns various
aspect of life to enable him live a meaningful life in his environment. The
home which is also known as traditional way of educating the young ones is
still regarded as the first school of a child before he enters the larger
society.
The role of the home cannot be over emphasized because the general assumptions
that states of poverty in the family or home goes to a long way to determine
the extent of youth or students educational development. Education is seen by
many as the route to alleviate poverty. There is no doubt that meaningful;
education is the most potent instrument for alleviating and eventually
abolishing poverty. In considering the effect of poverty on academic performance
of students to be precise, the home background is the most important phenomenon
that needs to be seriously considered in order to enhance the effective study
of the relationship between poverty and students academic performance. In view
of this, some factors that needed to be considered in the home or family
background are parents academic qualification, socio-economic class and
facilities available in home or home environment as well as parent status.
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM
Evidence shows that in Nigeria, the number of those in poverty has continued to
increase every year. By 1999, when the government came into power, it was
estimated that more than 70% of Nigeria lived in poverty. In recent years, it
has been a controversy through in the mind of people that if the poor status of
any society or nation, even family can really have an impact on the students
educational performance. In view of this, the study intends to investigate the
positive and negative impact of poverty on the student’s education in Nigeria.
This is because the diversity of the world poverty by different scholars who
have used it in their course of study and how it has affected the learning and
performance of the students in their educational development. Goldstem (1976) admitted
this concept when he said that the fact that much of youth educational
development takes places in a circle or home, the child begins to attend school
in psychological tourism, an attempt would be made to determine the influence
of parent’s socio-economic performance and the poverty impact on students
education. There is a group which contents the poor have right to be assisted
on the bases of group solidarity. Oijkstra (1984) we know that in Africa, the
system of the extended family addresses the issues of poverty in the community.
PURPOSE OF THE
STUDY
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of poverty on the
student’s academic performance in Nigeria emphasizing on some selected
secondary schools in Owan East Local Government Area of Edo State. The study is
to find out whether students of nation can really be affected with any economic
standard of the nation. The study also tries to find out the extend of which
any community standard of living can affect the students education in that
community. Some teachers are surprise when it comes to evaluate performance of
some students such teachers might find a particular students in class
performing extremely poor despite all kinds of skills employed in carrying out
an effective teaching and learning process which extremely well.
This study will also provide possible suggestion, in enhancing or improving the
student’s academic performance by bringing out strategies to alleviate poverty.
For instance by introducing the Britain welfare legislative system by providing
accommodation, transportation, feeding, sickness benefiting, clothing etc those
families living below the poverty level.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
This study is important when looked at from the concept of poverty and the
three various factors, the national level, the community level and the home
level or family background which influence student’s educational needs. It is
hoped that the study definitely identified some of the essential factors
existing in the various level as they influence students in their performance.
The study will give solution on how to improve students’ academic performance.
The level of literacy can also influence the level of performance in economic
enterprise. This is why Africa tradition insists on lifelong education as a
process of acquiring various types of literacy, cultural, political, religious
etc for meaningful and effective living.
The study will also focus on the need for government to incorporate parents in
planning, for student. This is because the parents know best the environment
under which students at home will learn and other variable which affect their
performance. The study also enables us to know that poverty has become serious
problem in Nigeria. Despite her oil wealth, Nigeria becomes one of the poorest
nation in the world. This life span as short and there are social, political
and economic difficulties. Begging has become a vocation to many who now live
on the street. The crime rate is alarming, as violence, fraud and armed robbery
increase. One way of solving the problem of poverty is to introduce measures
ameliorate an equitable distribution of resource.
Henner Hilder Brand (1994) believes that the process of alleviating might be
beyond the acquisition of literacy and the introduction of income general
efforts. He seems to be suggesting that the cure of poverty would be the
conclusion of people in decision and policies. The living conditions of the
poor also signify lacks of participatory opportunities in the economics,
cultural, political and social areas. The living conditions of the fight
against poverty should consequently focus on eliminating the deficits mentioned
in order to be effective in the long run.
RESEARCH QUESTION
For the proper examination of this study, the following have been formulated to
serve as a guide in the conduct of the investigation.
1.
What is the impact of environmental factors on the academic performance of
students?
2.
To what extent does the economic status of any nation affects its students
academic performance?
3.
Does the economic status of the parent have an impact on the academic
performance?
4.
Does the educational background of your parent have any impact on your academic
performance?
5.
Does lack of equipment like textbooks affect the academic performance?
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to some selected secondary schools in Owan East Local
Government Area of Edo State.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Poverty:
It is the lack of basic human needs, such as clean water, nutrition, health
care, education, shelter, transportation etc poverty is said to exist when
people or individual lack the means of satisfying basic needs.
Family:
family is a social group which consists of father, mother and children in this
work, we can classify family to be a man, his wife, or wives, and children.
Academic
performance/Achievement: This is how students can perform in
academic. It also refers to as the score or grades obtained by students in
examination in their various school. it could be high academic performance
which means pass or low academic performance which means failure.
Home Environment:
This refers to the surrounding in which the students live. In this study it
means the adequate facility which the home has provided for students. It could
be radio, sleeping space, television and reading room whether conducive for
learning or not.
Poverty
Alleviation: This is the act of reducing poverty. In this course of
study, it refers to when the problem of poverty is resolved.
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