INFLUENCE OF INFORMAL GROUPS ON PRODUCTIVITY (A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL, ENUGU.)
ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE
PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU!
TO GET THE FULL
PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL:
08068231953,
08168759420
TO GET MORE PROJECT
TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT:
INFLUENCE OF INFORMAL
GROUPS ON PRODUCTIVITY
(A CASE STUDY OF
UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA TEACHING HOSPITAL, ENUGU.)
ABSTRACT
Informal
group came into existence through the interaction of people as a result of
socialization. When individual meet and interact with one another, there is the
tendency for individuals with similar interest and characteristics to form
powerful cohesive groups in order to obtain organizational objectives. It
therefore, the objective of this research was find out the relationship that
existed between informal groups activities on productivity levels in
organizations for effective management of the informal groups in Nigeria
organizations. A review of the related interactive was made to provide a sound
theoretical background of the concept of informal groups. This was done by
review of work previously done by scholars on the concept of informal groups.
By making use of a case study, questionnaires was distributed or rather
administrated to the workers at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu.
The data collected from the filed was analyzed, the hypotheses, which were
formulated, were tested through the use of statistical models. The findings of
the research were that workers were found to be keenly interested in belonging
to informal groups in their work places such as the trade unions. They agreed
that they derive benefits groups offered by the groups to workers given the
opportunity to work for their benefits. Workers should realize their primary
objectives through group association. Managers should realize that team spirit
is the important characteristics of informal groups which motivate them to be
effective in organization. Informal organization are not officially recognized
and do not have any space in organizations organigram. My conclusion is that
since informal organizations continue to exist and can not be stopped or
terminated in any set up, it should continue to be accommodated as much as it
does not adversely affect the attainment of organizational goals. During
recruitment, selection and orientation, new employees should be made to join
informal groups such as trade union or any other, this makes the workers to
socialize and adopt quickly and better to the values existing in the
organization. More consultation of the informal groups by the management should
be encouraged and suggestions made by the workers be utilized as this motivates
the workers more for greater performance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE:
1.1
Background of Study
1.2
The statement of the Problem
1.3
The Objective of the Study
1.4
Research Questions/Hypothesis
1.5
Significance of the study
1.6
Limitation of the study
1.7
Delimited/ scope of the study
1.8
Definition of special terms
Reference
CHAPTER TWO
The review of the related literature
2.1 Theoretical Frame Work for the
Study
2.2 Historical Background
2.3 Current literature on postulated
above
References
CHAPTER THREE
Research Design and Methodology
3.1 The research design
3.2 The source of data
3.2.1 Primary sources of data
3.2.2 Secondary sources of data
3.3 The Population for the Study
3.4 The Sample Design and
determinations of
Sample size
3.5 Method of data collection
3.5.2 Secondary methods of data
collection
3.6 Methods of data presentation and
Analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Data presentation
4.1.2 Demographical Characteristics
4.1.3 Presentation according to key
research
Questions
4.1.4 Analysis Based on Research
Questions
References
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary of finding
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendix
i. Questionnaire
ii. List of frame for sampling
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 THE BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
The
organization development is a vital exercise that must be carried out with a
successful conclusion if technological bondage is to be avoided in the nation.
In our society today there is need for adopting a creative approach for our
technological take off. The reason is to encouraged employees to cultivate the
ability of making maximum use of resource available to them, develop new ways
of resources utilization that may come in the course of their job.
Since Nigeria independence, the nation has gone through a gradual rise in the
level of industrialization and the evolution of both small and complex
organization. An organization as defined by Griffin (1984:86) is a combination
of people, or human efforts, working in pursuit of certain common purposes
called organization goals. It is any group of two or more people working to
achieve a goal or goals.
Organization range from the small
business units to the very large and complex corporate bodies. There are two
groups the formal and informal groups.
The formal group come
into being as a result of organizational hierarchy which defines expected
relationships among its workers in most cases, a group of people come together
and discuss about the problems of the company, individual problems and how the
problems should be handled. Also, talk about those with different opinion from
other and how such people should be treated or handled. Furthermore, this kind
of group will usually have its mission or area of activity spelled out.
Informal groups, on the other hand, Michael (1985:1990).develop in response to
the needs of the people making up the group. As a result they do not have an
explicitly stated set of goals nor are there institutionally defined in and
position of authority. These aspects of an informal group develop as a result
of group of individual with the same objectives. Hence, informal groups are not
set up by the management of the organization but arise as a result of people
with similar interest interacting and also as a result of friendship
association. Most cases, group of people come together and discuss about the company’s
problems, some individual problems and how they should be dealt with, does who
have contrary opinion from others would be convinced, are forced to accept the
opinion spell out by other members of the groups.
The above comment succinctly shows the existence of informal groups in an
organization. These groups although not created by the management of the
organization are very powerful and have considerable influence on individual
members. Members are observed to be often committed to the achievement of the
group objectives. These objectives of the informal groups sometimes go contrary
with organizations objectives.
Therefore it is very important for the management to be aware of the existence
of these groups and understand how they work. Some managers fail to realize the
fact that informal groups work under certain conditions which dominate the
formal organization and neglect the efforts of management.
Moreover, they can be pervasive with some managers themselves belonging to the
informal groups. Depending on whether they are favourable or unfavourable, this
may result to the increase or decrease in the productivity of the organization.
Improper management of the informal groups may also lead to dissatisfaction of
workers, absenteeism, personal turnovers, grievances and conflicts and these
may adversely affect the stability of an organization.
As a matter of fact, there are potential benefits to be tapped from the
existence and activities of the informal groups. The management can only tap
the benefits when it is willing to work with them effectively without engaging
in measures to suppress the informal organization.
1.2
The Statement of Problem
Management of organizations have been
trying to improve individual productivity through researches and product
development, employment of high skilled and experienced workers. Despite these
efforts, productivity is declining in a organization who is to be blamed is
still declining or has remained low and unimpressive.
What is actually
responsible for the continuous decline in productivity despite serious efforts
by the management, who have control over these group is yet to be achieved from
the above assertions, it become imperative or necessary to research and conduct
an assessment on the influence of informal groups on organizational
productivity.
Do informal group
activities influence organization decision-making?
To provide answers to
this problem motivated the researcher to carry out this project.
It become imperative
or necessary to research and conduct an assessment on the influence of informal
groups on organizational productivity.
1.3 The Objective of
Study
The objectives of this research are:
1.
To determine the effects of informal group activities on organization
productivity.
2.
To find out the actual relationship between the informal groups and management
in the organization.
3.
To discover the concern and contribution of informal groups towards the
realization of the organizations objectives.
1.4
Research Questions
The researcher
formulated under listed questions to provide a guide in the course of this
research.
1.
To
what extent do informal group activities affects organizational productivity?
2.
What
is the actual relationship between informal groups and management in the
organization?
3.
To what extent informal group influence
the organizational productivity?
4.
To
what extent do informal group activities contribute to the realization of the
organizational objectives?
1.5 Significance of
the Study
The
existence of informal groups in organizations have negative or positive
influence which may pronounced or silent but vital to the achievement of
organizational objectives.
Understanding and controlling the
informal group activities might become possible when an empirical study has
been conducted and some facts about the relationship existing between these
factors informal groups, formal groups and the management within an
organization are revealed the identification of the needs of the individual
workers will help the management to motivate the workers better for improved
productivity.
Thus, the research would be useful to organizations, academia and consultants
to organizations. If also provide a platform for further work on the topic by
other scholars.
1.7
Scope of The Study
The scope of this
study was limited to cover type of groups, reasons for joining groups,
activities of informal groups informal group leadership roles, problems of
informal groups and the effects on the productivity in the organization.
1.8
Definition of Special Terms
For easy
understanding of this work the following technical terms are necessary to be
interpreted by the researcher:
UNTH:
University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital
WAEC:
West African Examination Council
HND:
Higher
National Diploma
OND:
Ordinary
National Diploma
BSc:
Bachelor
Degree of Science
AFFILIATE LINKS:
Comments
Post a Comment